KIN 3306 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I Red Blood Cell II Hemoglobin III Blood IV Hematocrit V Oxygen Transport VI Myoglobin vs Hemoglobin VII Exercise and Hemoglobin Dissociation VIII Body Temperature pH Continued IX 2 3 Diphosphoglycerate DPG X CO2 Transport in the Blood XI Bicarbonate System XII Central Control of Ventilation XIII Ventilation During Exercise XIV Ventilation and Energy Metabolism XV Ventilatory Threshold XVI Respiratory Limitation to Performance XVII Specific Training Adaptations Outline of Current Lecture These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute I Objectives II Why Use Supplements III Ergogenic Aids Introduction IV Researching Ergogenic Aids V Randomized Controlled Trial VI Illegal Substance List VII Pharmacological Agents Sympathomimetics VIII Pharmacological Agents Beta Blockers IX Pharmacological Agents Caffeine X Hormonal Agents Anabolic Steroids XI Hormonal Agents Andro DHEA XII Hormonal Agents Human Growth Hormone XIII Physiological Agents XIV Physiological Agents Blood Doping XV Physiological Agents EPO XVI Physiological Agents O2 Supplementation XVII Physiological Agents Bicarbonate Loading Current Lecture I Objects a Researching ergogenic aids b Pharmacological agents c Hormonal agents d Physiological agents e Nutritional agents II Why Use Supplements a b c d e f g Improve Health Improve Strength Power Gain or Lose Weight Burn Fat Enhance Energy Correct Nutrient Deficiencies Improve Performance III Ergogenic Aids Introduction a Ergogenic vs Ergolytic Substances b Potential Aids i Pharmacological agents ii Hormones iii Physiological agents iv Nutritional agents c Note Ergogenic is work producing it is anything that enhances the amount of work able to do Ergolytic is detrimental to performance d Note Pharmacological agents are like drugs Hormones are like steroids and testosterone Physiological agents are things that your own body produces like blood doping Nutritional agents are like your typical supplements like amino acids and creatine IV Researching Ergogenic Aids a Must be proven to enhance performance i Claim alone insufficient ii Ergogenic vs pseudo ergogenic b Placebo effect i Expectations affect physiological response ii Double blind experimental design c Can science prove effects i May be able to prove ergogenic action ii Results often equivocal d Common Limitations i Technique Equipment ii Research methodology iii Testing situations lab vs field e Note a lot of supplements do not have a lot of research to back it up The source that you want to go to is going to be peer reviewed journal articles like pubmed and google scholar The way to reduce the placebo effect use a double blind study V Randomized Controlled Trial Select Subjects Pretest Placebo Randomized Treatment Post test Compare Post test Treatment Crossover Placebo Post test Compare Post test VI Illegal Substance List a Beta Blockers b Stimulants c Narcotic pain blockers d Diuretics e Anabolic Agents f Peptide Hormones g Blood Doping h Note These work really well but aren t legal or banned because of side effects and ethical standards VII Pharmacological Agents a Sympathomimetic amines i Amphetamines also ephedrine pseudoephedrine b Proposed benefits of amphetamines i Weight loss ii Concentration focus iii Make athletes more competitive invincibility euphoria iv Enhance performance delay fatigue c Proven effects of amphetamines i Increase state of arousal energy self confidence ii Decrease fatigue iii Increase HR blood pressure blood flow blood glucose FFAs d Enhance performance by i Increase weight loss ii Improve reaction time speed and focus iii Increase strength power iv Increase max HR peak lactate e Risk of amphetamines ephedrine i Death toxicity ii Heatstroke cardiac stress iii Addiction psychological physiological iv Masking of physiological danger signals f Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine i Risk vs benefit g Note Know the actual effects of the things we talked about and what they really do and who would it be best for like a body builder or power lifter h Note sympathomimetic agents will mimic the SNS which is the fight or flight system so these stimulants will give you a boost to get you going Amphetamines are like Adderall Ephedrine is like Adderall and it suppresses your appetite Pseudoephedrine is over the counter since and allergy medicine i Note Sympathomimetics do what they say they are supposed to do All of these would normally happen when the SNS kicks in The decrease in inhibition will allow all of this to happen so you are able to produce more strength So they are effective for performance all around not really one specific athlete or sport j Note With amphetamines you can overdose The main thing is that it will take away the inhibition For example the muscles will prevent themselves from exerting too much force to tear itself normally so amphetamines are bad because your body is letting you lift more than you should k Note Big with ephedrine When running your body will say slow down when you re starting to overheat but since that is dampened you push through that and then you will see a heat stroke occur It is good because you can keep pushing through but it is dangerous l Note With ephedrine you don t really get performance benefits like amphetamines you just get the risk side VIII IX Pharmacological Agents Beta Blockers a Beta blockers reduce sympathetic effects i Used to treat CDV ii Also for migraines anxiety stage fright b Proposed benefits of beta blockers i Decrease performance anxiety ii Physical steadiness c Proven effects of beta blockers i Decrease resting submaximal and maximal HR ii Increase hand stability d Risk of beta blockers i Bronchospasm in asthmatics ii Cardiac failure low blood pressure dizziness iii Hypoglycemia type II diabetics iv Fatigue impaired performance Pharmacological Agents Caffeine a Caffeine i Central nervous system stimulant ii Sympathomimetic effects but weaker iii Active ingredient in most pre workouts b Proposed benefits of caffeine i Increased mental alertness feel more competitive ii More energy reduced or delayed fatigue iii Enhanced mobilization of FFAs iv Glycogen sparing c Proven effects of caffeine i Increased alertness concentration and mood ii Decreased fatigue and reaction time faster response iii Increased fat metabolism iv Increase in all types of performance d Risks of caffeine i