Lecture 21Constructs from Social Exchange TheoryReward- The perceived pleasures, satisfactions, and gratifications a person enjoys from a relationship.1. Behaviors- holding hands, spending time together, having sex.2. Resources- money, physical attractiveness, a nice car3. Sevices- anything your partner does for you or provides for you that you want to continue the relationshipCosts: The unpleasant aspects of the relationship. Things you’d like to do that you give up in order to keep the relationship going. Things you don’t want to do that you do in order to keep the relationship going. Three types of costs: Investment costs- time and effort. Direct Costs- resources given. Opportunity costs- rewards in other relationships not available because you are in a different relationship.Outcomes: Rewards minus costs= outcomes. Outcomes may be profits or losses(+/-). Depends on how we weigh the rewards and cost. To determine this level of profit we must take into account 2 other things.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. HDFS 135 1st Edition1. Comparison level: Standard by which we evaluate our rewars and costs in light of our expectations. We compare our proit level with what we think we should be getting. Based on past relationship experiences. Satisfaction of the relationship is based on whether the outcome falls higher or lower than the comparison level.2. Comparison level of alternatives: Standard by which you evaluate your outcomes in light of other available options. If the profit in this relationship isnot what we think it should be, what alternatives do we have? If the relationship is below the comparison level and we look for alternatives and none appear to be available we may stay in the relationship. Norm of Reciprocity: People should help those who help them. This helps stabilize relationships- we provide reward the other wants if we hope to obtain what we want. When the norm of reciprocity is not honored, there may be conflict.Distributive Justice/ Norm of Fairness: In our relationships we believe that there should be proportion, that what we put into a relationship should be proportional to what we get out. If this does not occur we have inequity and we try to get rid of it.3. Options when there is inequity: Try to restore actual equity. Try to restore psychological equity- convince our partner and ourselves that the relationship really is equitable. End the relationship.Limitations to social exchange theory: Deals with dyad relationships- hard to make it fit with the family because it deals with more than 2. All people may notmake rational decisions.Feminist TheoryHistory of Feminist Theory: First wave occurred in the late 19th century- encouraged things like higher education and spoke in terms of rights and equality. Second wave occurred in the 1960s- grew out of oppression and liberation. Third wave started in 90s- Gender, race, class, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, and physical disability.Contributors to Feminist theory: Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique(1963). Described the problem with no name. Feelings of dissatisfaction and depression experienced by middle-class women living out the American dream in the house in the suburbs and being made to feel guilty by experts.Type of Feminists: Liberal- The system we live in is flawed because it does not provide equal opportunities for women. It is about leveling the playing field. Equal opportunities in the workplace, equal sharing of home responsibilities, equal parenting. Radical- Patriarchy can’t be reformed because male dominance lies at the heart of the social construction about gender. Would like to see a cultural revolution where the dominant paradigm is replaced by “womanculture”. Socialist- Equal opportunities are not possible. Focus is on economics. Concepts: Gender- description of norms and roles assigned by society on the basis of sex. Gender is defined by society therefore it is open to change. Feministapproach believes it should change because gender definitions favor