CPSC 382Organic Chem Biol ProcTopic #1 - Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonds, Acid/Base Theory, and Redox Reactions1. Course Introduction2. Structure of the Atoma. basic atom structureb. organization of electrons into shellsc. sub-division of shells into various orbitalsd. order of filling of orbitals/shells by electronse. relation of orbital organization to periodic table3. Lewis model for the electronic structure of the atoma. definition of valence electrons as outer electronsb. inner electrons + nucleus defined as “kernal”c. Lewis model of bonding to stabilize arrangement of valenceelectrons like noble gasesd. Lewis dot diagrams and line diagramse. Lewis model for the ionic bondf. Lewis model for the “covalent bond”g. covalent bonds involving carbonh. polar covalent bondsi. multiple bonds involving carbon4. Lewis structural formulas and isomerism5. Resonance and resonance structures6. Molecular shapes according to VSEPR (valence shell electron -pair repulsion)7. Atomic orbital theory of bondinga. definition of an orbitalb. shapes of orbitalsc. covalent bonds based upon overlaping of orbitalsd. usefulness of orbital theory in explaining the bond arrangement in carbon8. General nomenclature for organic compounds9. Acid/base Theories10. Redox reactionsa. reduction potentialsb. oxidation/reduction of carbon based structuresc. role of redox processes in the energetic processes of living systemsSimplified structure of the atom:Electronic structure of the atom:Arrangement of valence electrons:Formation of an “ionic bond” according to G.N. Lewis: Formation of a “covalent bond” according to G.N. Lewis:Carbon Covalent Bond: Polar Covalent Bonds Involving Carbon:Double and Triple Bonds Involving Carbon:Double Bond: Triple Bond:Carbon can form covalent bonds to other carbons as either single, double or triple bonds:Examples of Isomers of Butane and Pentane:Resonance in covalent bonded structures: Shapes of Molecules:Atomic Orbital Theory of Covalent Bonding:Shapes of Orbital types: Formation of Covalent Bonds in Orbital Theory:Properties of Carbon Covalent Bonds Described by Orbital Theory:Functional groups in organic chemistry:Bronsted Acid/Base Theory:Lewis Acid/Base Theory: Electrochemistry, redox potentials and electron transport chains in biological