History 01 17 2013 Mayans 300 900AD height of culture City states built pyramids Human sacrifice Polytheism multiple gods Calendar Aztecs Single ruler Montezuma leader Nomadic 5 million people garbage estimate Human sacrifice obsidian glass cut heart out Europeans considered them pagans Norse settlements 1000 1001AD Vikings made it to America Expansion of Europe Wool industry made feudalism go away Kings and queens to stop the fighting in between nobles Peasants moved into cities Exploration Columbus never reached north America Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Christopher Columbus Estimated he could find China in 3 000 miles Created spice wars Santa Maria 75ft 1492 sailed 33 days at sea Bahamas first place he landed Second trip Cuba and Jamaica Third voyage Trinidad Fourth and final voyage Central America Old World Animals Horses Cows Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens Old World Plants Rice Wheat Barley Oats Wine grapes Melons Olives Coffee Bananas New World Animals Iguana Flying squirrels Catfish Rattlesnakes Bison Cougars Armadillos Opossums Anacondas Electric Eels Condors Bats Humming birds New World Plants Maize Potatoes Beans Peanuts Squash Peppers spicy Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Avocados Chocolate Tobacco Old World Contributions Small pox Deadly diseases Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Captured by tribe Sails to Spain Seven years Discovered that Texas is too hot and nothing grows Indians hostile Mosquitoes Spanish and Indians Disease Played natives against each other Trail of tears Horses they thought were gods Treated brutally Forced religion Bartolome de las Cases Black Legend pamphlet quite murdering Indians First anti imperialist first anti racist Very little effect Martin Luther Protestant Christian but not Catholic German monk Breaks away from Catholic church Writes 95 thesis nails to church door o Sell of indulgences pay way to heaven o We have a one on one relationship with God doesn t need church doesn t need anyone Spanish Armada Invade British isles Slow ships Spanish sail to England Giant storm came in and took out Spanish ships Spanish defeated o Made England greatest naval power Initial English Colonization One of the last major colonizes to settle o Had to find set religion o Rohno Outer islands of North Carolina o Goes back and finds no colony everyone gone Jamestown 1607 Founded by London company First settlement owned by king Surrounded by hostile Indians Put town by swamp think every river is a passage Corporate charter mini constitution rules set by mother country how you re going to live Profit gold find trade route convert Indians to Christianity Tried to make Indians slaves Disease starvation cannibalism 60 colonists alive following spring Two men and one women saved colony o Capt John Smith took all provisions locked everything in a giant box in building kept key made people work Don t work don t eat Joint Stock Ventures Colony Precursor to a corporation make money Jamestown Proprietary Colony Private colony Friends of the king Royal colony King owns it House of Burgesses First elected beginning of democracy Virginia Taken by king Stock holders lost 70 million dollars th 17 Century Cash Crop Tobacco Medieval America plantations Puritans Weren t trying to break away from church wanted to cleanse church Land in Boston Spread all through New England Rule of God Union of church and state Every story has a moral story Roger Williams Break away from England Puritan goes against church NO taxes to church First colony to promote religious freedom Rhode Island Separation of church and state Anne Hutchinson Challenged church Banned for being outspoken would preach in her house said God spoke to her Start town of Portsmouth All massacred months later Wealthy Pilgrims Try to break away from church itself Separatists Mayflower suppose to land in Virginia but landed in Plymouth Mayflower Compact rules and regulations Salvation came from Indian showed how to survive Pocahontas 11 years old Saves John Smiths life Marriage to John Rolfe Indentured servants If someone pays your way here you are indebted to them for 7 years Positives o Learn a trade o Get a little land and a donkey Headright System Pay your way here then they will give you 250 acres of land Southern Colonies Proprietary Virginia 1607 Maryland 1634 Grew tobacco indigo rice South Carolina 1663 Blacks out number whites North Carolina 1691 More middle class Dirt farmers Georgia 1773 Prisoners and criminals Buffer zone Northern Colonies JSV Massachusetts Bay 1620 Rhode Island 1636 Connecticut 1636 New Hampshire Maine 1636 Middle Colonies Proprietary New York 1664 o Culturally diverse o Melting pot early o 1621 New Netherland o Dutch owned first English owned later o Bought from Indians for 24 dollars worth of trinkets o Easter eggs Dutch folk lord o Santa Clause Dutch and Germany New Jersey 1664 Delaware 1681 Pennsylvania 1681 o William Penn King owned his dad a lot of money Quaker Religion Settles colony Land of opportunity Paid Indians for land Society of friends Caused believer to physically shake All men good equal no class system no war Most populated city during this time Philadelphia city of brotherly love Colonial Slavery Slaves o Work tobacco plantations o Dutch ship brings 20 slaves o Main labor Marriageable women o Sell women in action o Bid on like cattle Bacons Rebellion Taxation without representation Mini revolution Small farmer against aristocracy Salem Witch Trials 19 people killed Widows whom owned land men didn t want women to own land Stopped when governors wife accused New England Exports Lumber Rum Fish Southern Exports Indigo Tobacco rice Southern Gentry Mainly found in Virginia and South Carolina Lived life style of English country gentlemen Dependent on outside capital Middle Passage Trade of slave and sugar cane 5 made it to America most to West Indies Dominion of New England Political punishment Sir Edmund Andros tyrant overthrew sent him home Religious punishment all must worship Anglan Economic punishment stop smuggling and pay taxes Showed everyone can come together John Peter Zenger First trial of freedom and press Boston newsletter couldn t criticize British officials Accused of corruption Peers let him go agreed governor is corrupt Result news paper can criticize British officials Benjamin Franklin First postal system Early pony express Symbol of Enlightened man Printing press Navigation Act of 1663 England s first attempt to regulate o Only English Ships o Anything to be sold from America had to go