NRC 261 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last LectureII. Wildlife Living in Urban AreasIII. Wildlife EnhancementIV. Wildlife Controla. Kinds of problems in urban areas b. Nuisance/Damage management c. Techniques i. Non-lethal ii. Lethal Outline of Current LectureII. DefinitionsIII. What roles do hunting and trapping fill? a. Consumption b. Economics c. Recreation d. Ecological Management e. Financial and Political Support IV. Why is hunting and trapping so controversial?V. What’s “wrong” with hunting and trapping?VI. From a biological perspective, what should we do?VII. From a social perspective, what should we do?Current LectureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.How and why should hunting and trapping regulations differ between the United States and Mexico?- humans have hunted for a long period of time. The whole enterprise of hunting as a way to gather food has played a role in the culture of societies all around the world. Without hunting humans as we are today would not exist - still controversial! - important role (pos and neg) in wildlife conservation DefinitionsHarvest – any removal from the wild- doesn’t matter whether its dead or alive if you’re taking it out of nature - but is this a euphemism/a nice way of saying that you’re going to killsomething and eat it? - does matter whether this harvest is legal or illegal - Controversy surrounding the word = it sounds too agricultural.The idea of harvesting wildlife doesn’t seem to fit for somepeople - however it is a renewable natural resource (taking a small portion ofthe annual production), especially if you’re managing it Hunting and trapping - legal harvest of wildlife by individual citizens for personal useCommercial harvesting – legal “harvest” intended for sale ex: fish in the ocean- capturing large animals that end up in the meat section of the localmarket - not considered specifically hunting/trapping (seen as more of anindividual thing) - however people can hunt or trap and make money from it Poaching — intentional killing out of season, without a license/permit, etc.- not hunting or trapping (wouldn’t be “illegally hunting”, the activity ofhunting is a legal activity as we think about it in society) - when the killing is not legal, it is not acceptable What roles do hunting and trapping fill? (Why do we do it?)ConsumptionFood- resource harvest in rural Amazonia: shown in # of pounds perperson a year. They ate mostly birds, then mammals, thenlastly reptiles. 8 million people were each consuming around 55 or 60 pounds per person of wild meat - resource harvest in Alaska: differs between native peoples andthose in urban communities, but in some places it could be around a pound per person a dayClothing-leather, fur, a lot of times for function (needed in colder places like Alaska)EconomicsIndividual income- like fur trappers selling fur on individual market — this is asubstantial part of their income each year - if you get enough to eat and you get extra, you can end upselling it or bartering it to someone else (like in poorercountries) Protection- reduce problems or costs of business (coyotes killing sheepsor moles digging up crops etc.) - elephants causing major crop damage in Kenya — families lostannual food supply in Kenya because elephants came through andate it - hunting and trapping can help get rid of the economicproblem that wildlife can pose Recreation- sport — for some people it is an enjoyable activitySocial reasons- can be a social occasion, doing this activity together can increase bonds ex: going up to the deer camp in the fall in the Midwestern areas like MinnesotaEcological managementOverpopulationex: when there’s too many deer, instigating deer hunts can be good to help get the deer population down (deer can negatively affect the landscape and plant species abundance)Endangered Species management- endangered swift foxes outcompeted by coyotes —hunting/trap coyotes to make sure the foxes get enoughfood and resources - get rid of “bad” wildlife to help endangered wildlife Financial and political supportWhy is hunting and trapping so controversial?Culture- large cultural differencesHistory- how and where people have lived and where they came from - variation over time (people’s ideas change) - as change occurs, viewpoints adapt Experience- grew up in the city with no exposure to hunting or trapping vs. living on the farm where you had to kill chickens (for example)Tolerance- whether you can deal with other people’s differing opinions and ideas, or if you can’t get along with someone if they have a different viewpoint on hunting than you doWhat's “wrong” with hunting and trapping? Why people don’t embrace it (or understand/appreciate it)Too many populations are “endangered”- a good number of endangered species that got this way becausethey were over hunted or over harvested for commercialpurposes (exploited) - ex: no more passenger pigeons because we shot them all Unnecessary- why do you have to? why can’t you just leave things alone? - don’t believe that there is a “good enough excuse” for hunting - or if you have to do it for food then its okay, but if you have achoice, then just don’t do it Hunting has to do with guns- guns are associated with killing other people (via. war, school shootings, etc.)- people don’t like the connected with guns and deathSome means of harvest are inhumane or non-sporting- either perceived to be this way or it really is this way - many people think that hunting is “not fair”, and others believe thatanimals have plenty of chance to escape ex: lion captured, being let out of a box and someone yards away shoots — perceived as being completely inhumane and not sporting at all- trapping usually considered inhumane (cruel leaving an animal stuckin a trap for hours/days on end)Trophy hunting – excessive behavior- some people enjoy hunting the biggest animal they can find — other people hate this ideaUnethical/morally wrong- seen as wrong to take the life of other animalsNo experience/an unfamiliar activity- not many people have experience with it, and so its easy to shun it or avoid it, or even judge it without understanding what it is