NRC 261 1st EditionLecture 2Outline of Last LectureWildlife & Conservation Definition of wildlife Definition of conservation II. How to Manage Wildlife PopulationsWildlife Management vs. Wildlife Conservation Definition of Management Definition of Conservation IV. Wildlife Conservationists—What they do & who they work for V. Where to find wildlife conservation job listingsOutline of Current LectureValues Changes with time Changes with geography III. Wildlife vs. Human Controversies IV. Personal ValuesValues of Wildlife Positive Negative Strategic VI. Historical InteractionsVII. Western CivilizationAttitudes of Greek Philosophers Attitudes of Western CivilizationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. What Kind of Coat to Wear?Current LectureWildlife Issues and Human Attitudes !Values• if you don’t value something, you don’t think it is important•they change with time and with geographyChanges with Time:example: 30-40 years ago peregrine falcons were commonly killed to stop them from hunting ducks.ducks were valued, peregrine falcons were not peregrine falcons became endangered and ducks were plentiful—only then did the values switch from ducks to falconsChanges with Geography:example: in the United States dogs are seen as companions and pets, in some asian countries like China they’re only valued as food-in India they worship cows, in the United States we eat themWildlife/Human ControversiesWolves in Yellowstone they were taken out of the park because they were killing off game speices wolves became endangered so the park’s ecosystem was returned to normal (wolves were reintroduced) “complete ecosystem”(wildlife) vs. livestock predation (human) Spotted owls in the Northwest the spotted owls lived in trees that loggers were cutting down to make their living, so when the trees started to become fewer and fewer the owls began to die off endangered species (wildlife) vs. loggers/jobs (human) Mountain Lions in the West while out jogging a woman was killed by a mountain lion, leaving behind a husband and 2 kids, so the mountain lion was tracked down and killedmountain lion was also a mother—had 2 cubs fundraisers were started for both the kids and the cubs (cubs got more money) • cubs (wildlife) vs. kids (human) Personal Valuesfur & feathers vs. scales and slime some people are more inclined to value mammals or birds, while others may value reptiles/amphibians and insects more Hunting & Trappingsome do it as a source of food, others like just hunting for fun subsistence vs. recreation animal welfare & animal rights predator vs. prey films • do you root for the predator or the prey?***There is no “free lunch”—conservation always has a cost, be it money or sacrificeof time & opportunity***3 kinds of Values of Wildlife Positive:aesthetic recreational consumptive: people enjoy hunting, fishing & trapping non-consumptive: bird watching for ex. ecologicalexample: beavers making dams causes positive changes in the ecology of river systems educational & scientific—learning how life works utilitarian food: must hunt to eat medicine commercial—also helps provide humans with jobs • example: zoosNegative:• accidents• example: automobile collisions with large mammals such as moose• economic• predators kill livestock, costs people $ and emotional distress• disease Strategicpoliticalexample: national bird (bald eagle) sparking patriotism people can use the possible presence of certain species to their advantage—like the man who claimed an endangered bird lived on his property to getjets from a nearby airfield to stop flying so low over his yard marketing • team mascots, beer logos, etc.The Value of Animals and Humor• way to delve deeper when thinking about animals and wildlife• helps us relate to wildlife• example: comic strips shown in power point!Historical Interactions- Where did our attitudes come from?Hunter-Gatherers Values of Wildlife: Positive products from wildlife social—hunting as a group improved sociability Negative = competition Impacts on Wildlife: Habitat changes —done by humans on purpose or accidentally hunting— affected # of animals in populations Agriculture & Livestock Values of WildlifePositive products social values domesticated animals Negative competition—wildlife competing for the same resources depredators “bad” genes—with domestication also came bad survival instincts passed down Impacts on Wildlife: habitat changes depredation • undesirable breedersWestern Civilization• Attitudes of Greek Philosophers• Socrates & Plato• dichotomy between humans and other animals• animals seen as inferior—they were used by humans for human purposes• Attitudes of Western Civilization •bible—“domination” of humans over the earthWhat Kind of Coat to Wear?Fur Wool Coat — large herds of sheep can be detrimental to grasslandsCotton—using millions of acres of land for monoculture, destroying habitats Leather Silk Plastic/synthetic materials — every piece of plastic ever made is still existing on earth somewhere ***automatically think of fur coats as bad, however the making of other kinds of coats can have negative impact on wildlife just like fur coats. It is important to look at all sides of a situation before making a decision, or deeming one thing “worse” than something else.