WILD 3580 1st Edition Lecture 32 Outline of Last Lecture I Molt II Color Outline of Current Lecture I Colors II Bird vocalizations III Song Production Current Lecture I Colors Pigments o Melanins Blacks browns grays dull reds and yellows Most common types of pigments Can occur in all feathers almost always in flight feathers Increased amount of keratin o Carotenoids Bright red yellow orange Derived exclusively from the diet Most common in the body feathers rarely in the flight feathers o Porphyrins Browns reds greens Most common are brown pigments in owls pigeons and galliforms Chemically related to hemoglobin fluorescent under UV light o No pigments Reflection of light with no pigments Blue structural color absorption of shorter wavelengths Clear keratin layer on top with a melanin bottom layer Refraction shines through cells that scatter light color Green zip locked effect These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II III Yellow carotenoid layer combined with melanin o Iridescence coloration that changes depending on conditions of observation Bird vocalizations Advantages 1 Detected over long distances 2 Detected within dense cover and night 3 Short duration Two types of information 1 Species identity 2 Individual identity Types of vocalizations 1 Songs a long vocal display with specific repeated patterns o Species specific o Almost always produced by males o Functions identify species sex advertise a territory 2 Calls short simple vocalizations often a single notes o Intraspecific or interspecific o Both sexes Song Production Syrinx organ that produces sound like a larynx o Located at the base of the trachea o More efficient to make sound Why do birds sing o Takes a lot of energy o Risk of predation o Increases their fitness o Functions reproductive functions advertise social functions password for individual recognition rally a flock for some action
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