WILD 3580 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Term paper informationa. Guidelines b. Format c. Grading d. Outline e. Timeline Outline of Current Lecture I. Phylogenetic ClassificationII. SpeciesIII. Isolating mechanisms IV. Phylogenetic species concept V. Genetic species concept VI. Taxonomy about the Species LevelVII. Trinomial Nomenclature Current LectureI. Phylogenetic Classificationa. Based on common ancestry- share derived traits i. Secondarily derived traitsb. Cladogram of vertebrates II. Speciesa. Basic unit of classificationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Biological species concept: (Mayr 1942) species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groupsi. Can reproduce viable and fertile offspring ii. Asexual species and hybrids do not fit into this definition III. Isolating mechanisms- any structural, physiological, behavioral, or geological barrier that prevents individuals of one population or species from successfully interbreeding with individuals of other populations or species 1. Ecogeographic isolation-allopatric ranges 2. Habitat isolation- sympatric ranges3. Seasonal isolation- different breeding seasons4. Behavioral isolation- different species specific displays to attract a mate 5. Mechanical isolation- morphological and anatomical differences tomake sexual union impossible 6. Gametic isolation- fertilization does not occur 7. Developmental isolation- embryo develops irregularly and dies 8. Hybrid Inviability- young produced from two different species often are weak or die young9. Hybrid Sterility- interspecific crosses produce healthy offspring butthey are not able to reproduce10. Decreased fitness- hybrids reproduce sterile offspring IV. Phylogenetic species concept a. A group of organisms that share a common ancestor i. Problem: at what level do we define the common ancestorV. Genetic species concepta. A group of interbreeding natural populations that are genetically isolated from other groups i. Problem: how genetically isolated is an individual or species VI. Taxonomy above the Species Levela. Genus- a taxonomic category containing a monophyletic group of species separated from other genera by a decided gapb. Species Genus c. Genera Family (-idae) d. Families Ordere. Orders Classf. Class Phylum g. Phyla KingdomVII. Trinomial Nomenclaturea. Includes a subspecific epithet b. Subspecies: a population of species that differs in some noticeable and constant way from other populations of that species i. Based on morphologyii. Local adaptation- evolutionary change based on habitat diverge enough to new
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