WILD 3580 1st EditionLecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Pigments and ColorationII. Skin Glands III. Breathing and Respiration Outline of Current Lecture I. Breathing and RespirationII. Chemoreception III. Amphibian OrdersCurrent LectureI. Breathing and Respiration - Respiratory structures1. Gills a. Anurans i. Usually internal in larval anurans b. Caudatansi. Usually external 2. Lungsa. Caeciliansi. Skin has less respiratory function large complex lungs b. Sirens i. Have external gills (primarily aquatic) small, smooth lungs3. Skin- cutaneous respiration a. Plethodontidae(no lungs)i. Epithelium of the mouth (high vascularization)b. Ambystomatidaei. Head and thoracic region area of gas exchange is close to important organs c. Hellbenderi. Aquatic, internal gills, and wrinkled folds of skin (surface area)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Chemoreception - Sensory areas:1. Olfactory epithelium- skin in the nasal cavity (primary sense of smell)a. Complexity depends of importance of organism 2. Vomeronasal organ (Jacobson’s organ)- separate system of nerves a. Used primarily for communication within the same species - Plethodontidaeo Nasolabial grooves- between the upper lip to the nostril o Cirri-projections from the upper lip (seen in some males)- Caecilianso Tentacles- between the eye and nostril - Not very important in Anurans - Chemoreception in larval amphibians o Many amphibians remain close to their naval sites (imprinting senses)3. Neuromast organs – detecting vibrations and water pressure (like in fish) III. Amphibian Orders- Anuraa. Ears and sound reception i. Well-developed ears 1. Tympanum: external eardrum 2. Middle ear: with ossicles to transmit sound a. Change sound waves into vibrations3. Inner ear: with auditory receptors ii. Function- detection of vocal signals from conspecifics (members of their own species)1. Attracting mates2. Advertising territories b. Sound production- Mostly males i. Vocal cords in the larynx ii. Vocal sacs: enhance/resonate the sound c. Vocal intensity i. Larger anura= louder sound (common mechanics)ii. Intensity is used for spacing of males
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