WILD 3580 1st Edition Lecture 39Outline of Last Lecture I. Skeletal SystemII. Teeth Outline of Current Lecture I. Anatomy of teethII. Tooth Adaptations III. Head Ornamentation IV. Locomotion Current LectureI. Anatomy of teeth- Enamel- covers the crown - Dentine- makes up the bulk of the tooth- Pulp cavity- contains blood vessels and nerves - Cementum- binds tooth to the jaw II. Tooth Adaptations- Cusp patterns: occlusal surface 1. Bunodont- low, rounded cusps a. Usually quadrate b. For an omnivorous dietc. Unspecialized 2. Lophodont- cusps form transverse ridges “lophs”a. Herbivore adaptationsb. Eating plant material c. Run across the tooth 3. Selenodont- cusps form crescent-shaped ridges a. Run along the midline of the body b. Also for herbivore diets 4. Sectorial/ Carnassial- cusps form blade-like cutting edges that shear against the tooth in the opposing jawa. Carnivorous diet b. Teeth act as scissors III. Head OrnamentationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Derived from the dermis- Horns/antlers occur in two orders: Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla - Types:o True Horns Bovidae family of the Artiodactyla Inner boney core with keratin sheath Unbranched Permanent- never shed Occur in males and females o Pronghorns Antilocapridae Similar to true horns Annually sheds keratin sheath Branched (prong) Can occur in both sexes o Giraffe horns Giraffidae Boney core by furred skin Permanent Males and females o Antlers Cervidae No boney core Comprised of bone Shed annually Only in males- except in Rangifer tarandus (Caribou)o Rhinoceros horn Perissodactyla in order Rhinocerotidae No boney core Made entirely of keratin fibers “hairs horns” Grow continually throughout life IV. Locomotion- Terrestrial – running on the ground o Characterize by limb modifications foot posture Unguligrade: weight borne on the tips of the digits- Terminate in hooves - Elevated ankle bone - Even-toed ungulates (Artiodactlya)o Weight distributed between 3rd and 4th digits- Odd-toed ungulates (Perissodactyla) o Weight of symmetry on the 3rd metapodial Plantigrade: wrist/ankles and digits all touch the ground- Ex. Humans, bears, raccoons Digitigrade: ankle/wrist are elevated and digits touch the ground - Ex. Most
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