P102 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Disorders of AnxietyOutline of Current Lecture II. Explaining PhobiasIII. Understanding Anxiety DisordersIV. Obsessive Compulsive DisordersV. Other DisordersCurrent LectureI. Explaining Phobias- Classical Conditioningo Associate something with something else (Little Albert)- Operant Conditioning o Rewarded by reducing conditioned fear by avoidance of conditioned stimulus, and example of negative reinforcement - Observational Learning o Model and imitate the fears we see in others- Biological Preparationo Certain fears have evolutionary history; may represent a ear of contamination II. Understanding Anxiety Disorders- Learning Perspectiveo A product of fear conditioning, stimulus generalization, reinforcement of fearful behaviors and observational learning- Biological Perspectiveo Explained by natural selection and adaptation, genetic inheritance and high levels of emotional reactivityIII. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders- Repeated, intrusive and uncontrollable irrational thoughts that causes distress- Compulsionso Behaviors/acts performed to prevent anxiety o Magical ThinkingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Irrational belief that failure to perform ritual action will lead to catastrophes o Features of Obsessions and Compulsions People with OCD experience both obsessions and compulsions Compulsive acts often occur in response to obsessions o Behavioral Perspective People happen upon compulsions quite randomly In fearful situations, happen to perform particular act After repeated associations, believe compulsion is making a difference o Explaining OCD and Related Disorders Deficiency in serotonin, norepinephrine implicated - Drugs that increase the availability of these NT’s decrease symptoms Dysfunction in specific brain areas - Areas involved in fight/flight- Frontal lobes – Key role in planning ahead IV. Other Disorders- Body Dysphormic Disordero Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance o Preoccupation causes clinically significant distress/impairment in social or other important areas of functioning o May seek medical intervention to change perceived defect - Trichotillomania o Excessive hair pulling from scalp and other parts of bodyo May collect pulled hair and return to examine latero Hair pulling is worsened when stressedo Usually begins in childhood o Individual recognizes that behavior is irrational but is unable to
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