BIOL 1411 1st Edition Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture I. Gene Expressiona. RegulationOutline of Current Lecture I. Eukaryotic Gene Expression Lecture- Post transcriptional eukaryotic gene regulation o Different mRNAs can be made from the same gene by alternative splicingo As intron and exons are spliced differently, distinct proteins can be madeo Can be a deliberate mechanism for generating proteins with different functions, from a single gene - Processing of Polypeptides after translationo Protein modifications: Proteolysis: cutting of a long polypeptide chain into final products, by proteases Glycosylation: addition of sugars to form glycoproteins Phosphorylation: addition of phosphate groups catalyzed by protein kinases- charged phosphate groups change the conformation - Points of eukaryotic gene regulation o Transcriptional control- regulates access (chromatin) and recruitment of RNA polymerase to the promoter in nucleuso Processing control- regulates splicing, capping and tailing of pre-mRNA in nucleuso mRNA transport and stability- regulates nuclear export and localization in cytoplasm, and half-life of mRNAo Translation control- regulates mRNA assembly with ribosome and polypeptide synthesiso Posttranlational processing- regulates protein activity through processing, folding, joining, and making chemical modifications - mRNA Degradation by MicroRNAso double-stranded microRNAs made from long RNA transcriptso microRNAs are complementary to “target” mRNAs. Target mRNA degraded, so not available for translation These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Processes of Developmento Determination sets the fate of the cello Differentiation is the process by which different types of cells ariseo Morphogenesis is the organization and spatial distribution of differentiated cellso Growth is an increase in boy size by call division and cell expansion - How is cell fate determined?o How can one fertilized egg produce so many different differentiated cell types? Cytoplasmic segregation (unequal cytokinesis): factors that are unequally distributed in the cytoplasm may end up in some daughter cells, but not others Induction (cell-to-cell communication): a factor secreted by certain cells induces other cells to
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