BIOL 1411 1st EditionExam# 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 14Lecture 1 (January 21)Introduction to Foundations of Biologyo Biologists use the scientific method to investigate living processeso Evaluate the application of inductive and deductive reasoning in biological studieso Explain the relationship between a hypothesis and an experimentLecture 2 (January 23) Chemistry of Lifeo Reactivity of atoms and molecules formationo Types of chemical bonds and molecular interactions in living organismso Properties of water and the significance of those properties for lifeLecture 3 (January 26)Introduction to macromoleculeso Types of chemical bonds and molecular interactions in living organismso Discriminate among the four types of macromoleculesFunctional groups of the monomers or subunitsHow they are synthesizedOverall chemical and physical propertiesLecture 4 (January 28)Macromolecules continued…o Relate structure of each class of macromolecule to their functions in organismsLecture 5 (January 30)Cells: The working units of Lifeo Cells are the fundamental unit of LifeSmallest entities that can exist and function independentlyo All organisms consist of one or more cellsA bacterium, a yeast call and you have much in commono All calls come from pre-existing cellsSmallest unit of reproductionAll cells of a multicellular organism came from a single cellLife is continuous, cells that exist today are descendants of cells thatexisted in the distant pastLecture 6 (February 2)Cell Membranes-Delineate the cellular functions of membranes such as boundaries, adhesion and transport-Understand the specific roles of the different membrane components with respect to these functions-Describe the ways in which membrane are dynamic-Discriminate between the different mechanisms of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane-Understand the origins of the membrane potentialLecture 7 (February 4)Cell Membranes II-Discriminate between passive and active transport of small molecules or ions across the plasma membrane-Distinguish between the mechanisms by which cells take in or secrete macromolecules-Fall all mechanisms, describe the underlying molecular basis for membrane “selectivity” for specific substances-Predict the consequences of failure of a membrane channel. Pump, or an endocytic receptor to function Lecture 8 (February 6)Cell Signaling and Communication-Categorize the types of signals cells receive-Diagram the sequence of events in a signal transductions pathway-Discriminate between the different types of signal receptors found in cellsLecture 9 (February 9)Cell Signaling and Communication Part II-Differentiate between the mechanisms of signal transduction and amplification in cells-Describe the different types of Cellular Responses to signals -Contrast direct contact with indirect means of cell communication Lecture 10 (February 11)Energy Metabolism-Relate energy transformations in living organisms to thelaws of thermodynamics.-Define “cellular work” and describe how ATP provides the power.-Elaborate on how enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and the importance of molecular shape in catalysis.-Explain how enzyme catalyzed reactions are controlled in cells (in lab).-Predict the effects of environmental changes on enzyme activity.Lecture 11 (February 13)Bioenergetics-Describe the role of electron carriers and redox reactions in the capture of energy from food.-Analyze the processes of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle in terms of net energy yield.-Explain the necessity of oxygen for the function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.Lecture 12 (February 16)Bioenergetics Continued…-Diagram how movement of electrons and protons through the protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain produce ATP.-Discuss why glycolysis is central to both aerobic and anaerobic pathways for making ATP.-Examine the role of negative feedback in regulation of glucose metabolismLecture 13 (February 18)Photosynthesis-Compare & contrast the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis with those of cellular respiration. ***-Analyze the photosynthetic process in terms of the molecules that are oxidized and reduced.-Identify the specific events of photosynthesis where light energy is transformed into chemical energy.-ATP.Lecture 14 (February 20)Photosynthesis Continued…-Describe the steps involved in the production of ATP and NADPH from light energy.- Diagram the steps involved in the production of sugar beginning with CO2, NADPH