BIOL 1411 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 14 Lecture 1 January 21 Introduction to Foundations of Biology o Biologists use the scientific method to investigate living processes o Evaluate the application of inductive and deductive reasoning in biological studies o Explain the relationship between a hypothesis and an experiment Lecture 2 January 23 Chemistry of Life o Reactivity of atoms and molecules formation o Types of chemical bonds and molecular interactions in living organisms o Properties of water and the significance of those properties for life Lecture 3 January 26 Introduction to macromolecules o Types of chemical bonds and molecular interactions in living organisms o Discriminate among the four types of macromolecules Functional groups of the monomers or subunits How they are synthesized Overall chemical and physical properties Lecture 4 January 28 Macromolecules continued o Relate structure of each class of macromolecule to their functions in organisms Lecture 5 January 30 Cells The working units of Life o Cells are the fundamental unit of Life Smallest entities that can exist and function independently o All organisms consist of one or more cells A bacterium a yeast call and you have much in common o All calls come from pre existing cells Smallest unit of reproduction All cells of a multicellular organism came from a single cell Life is continuous cells that exist today are descendants of cells thatexisted in the distant past Lecture 6 February 2 Cell Membranes Delineate the cellular functions of membranes such as boundaries adhesion and transport Understand the specific roles of the different membrane components with respect to these functions Describe the ways in which membrane are dynamic Discriminate between the different mechanisms of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane Understand the origins of the membrane potential Lecture 7 February 4 Cell Membranes II Discriminate between passive and active transport of small molecules or ions across the plasma membrane Distinguish between the mechanisms by which cells take in or secrete macromolecules Fall all mechanisms describe the underlying molecular basis for membrane selectivity for specific substances Predict the consequences of failure of a membrane channel Pump or an endocytic receptor to function Lecture 8 February 6 Cell Signaling and Communication Categorize the types of signals cells receive Diagram the sequence of events in a signal transductions pathway Discriminate between the different types of signal receptors found in cells Lecture 9 February 9 Cell Signaling and Communication Part II Differentiate between the mechanisms of signal transduction and amplification in cells Describe the different types of Cellular Responses to signals Contrast direct contact with indirect means of cell communication Lecture 10 February 11 Energy Metabolism Relate energy transformations in living organisms to thelaws of thermodynamics Define cellular work and describe how ATP provides the power Elaborate on how enzymes catalyze chemical reactions and the importance of molecular shape in catalysis Explain how enzyme catalyzed reactions are controlled in cells in lab Predict the effects of environmental changes on enzyme activity Lecture 11 February 13 Bioenergetics Describe the role of electron carriers and redox reactions in the capture of energy from food Analyze the processes of glycolysis pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle in terms of net energy yield Explain the necessity of oxygen for the function of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria Lecture 12 February 16 Bioenergetics Continued Diagram how movement of electrons and protons through the protein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain produce ATP Discuss why glycolysis is central to both aerobic and anaerobic pathways for making ATP Examine the role of negative feedback in regulation of glucose metabolism Lecture 13 February 18 Photosynthesis Compare contrast the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis with those of cellular respiration Analyze the photosynthetic process in terms of the molecules that are oxidized and reduced Identify the specific events of photosynthesis where light energy is transformed into chemical energy ATP Lecture 14 February 20 Photosynthesis Continued Describe the steps involved in the production of ATP and NADPH from light energy Diagram the steps involved in the production of sugar beginning with CO2 NADPH and