HIST 151 003 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I Chapter 23 From New Era to the Great Depression 1920 1932 cont Outline of Current Lecture II Chapter 24 The New Deal Experiment 1932 1939 Bonus Army 1932 Election Happy days are here again Radio Fireside Chats New Deal Intro CCC TVA AAA SEC Social Security Act WPA NLRA Wagner Act Magna Center of Labor Fair Labor Standards Act Dust Bowl Court Packing Current Lecture Bonus Army The Dough Boys return and are upset that they have not received their bonus from WWI March towards Washington D C May 1932 o March led by Walter W Walters General MacArthur sent to disperse the angry crowd conflict was inevitable Police forced to evacuate buildings filled with squatting marchers As crowd got angrier President Hoover forced military to take action military burned the marchers encampments Dough Boys still did not get their compensation compensation was to be awarded in 1940 many would be dead before they received their bonuses 1932 Election Happy days are here again Hoover runs as a Republican Roosevelt runs as a Democrat Roosevelt sweeps the election These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Roosevelt goes against the norm doesn t meet up with Hoover to discuss the future o It had always been a tradition for the new president to meet with the old president to discuss the possibilities of future legislation as well as listen to suggestions from the previous president Roosevelt does not want to affiliate with Hoover Roosevelt also did not attend the world conference o The world conference consisted of all of the world leaders they were gathering to tackle the issue of the world s economic crisis Roosevelt did not consider the U S a world power yet he wanted to handle the U S economic crisis on his own Roosevelt was inaugurated March 4th 1933 with his famous inaugural speech There is nothing to fear but fear itself Roosevelt threatened to invoke Martial Law banning of Congressional opinion on all forms of legislation and decisions Radio Fireside Chats The radio dominated the 1930 s There were public radios in 80 85 of all homes A majority of families used this as a form of entertainment Radio talk shows game shows as well as presidential and other governmental announcements were advertised using the radio New Deal Intro The first half of the New Deal 1933 1934 Created in hopes of working towards recovery 100 days of legislation FDR decides against a planned economy for the U S The second half of the New Deal 1935 1938 FDR decides to grant Counter railing power to certain social groups labor and regions South Great Plains RM West The first entitlement program was established Social Security CCC TVA AAA AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act 1933 Solution of how to bring consumption and production to equilibrium Later found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court taxed middlemen to pay for the cropgrowing Allotment laws are passed fixed the ways in which the farming industry was funded CCC Civilian Conservation Corps 1933 Reflected FDR s enthusiasm for conservation Planted trees in national parks forests as well as built public parks and restroom facilities within the parks Considered a youth organization no one over 30 joined the Corps Young men earned 30 a month often sent 25 back home to their parents and kept 5 for themselves Employed 3 million young men by 1942 TVA Tennessee Valley Authority establishment of hydroelectric power and hydroelectric dams FDR wanted to establish more dams power plants and chemical plants to be able to supply rural America with power o Brought power to rural and forest areas Manhattan project home base SEC Securities and Exchange Commission 1934 Regulates the stock market and sales of stocks Gave the government the right to oversee all stock exchanges Stock market became all government regulated Joseph P Kennedy Sr was mostly in charge of the SEC Social Security Act Part of phase 2 of the New Deal 1935 Creates an old age pension program the first entitlement program which massively expanded over the next 50 years The rich and the Republicans really despised the Act they were taxed for the Act WPA Works Project Administration 1935 The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was too easy Created via executive order public benefit Harry Hopkins ran to the FERA employed jobless and homeless NLRA Wagner Act Magna Center of Labor National Labor Relations Act Wagner Act 1935 Result of failure of NRA National Recovery Administration Closed shop workers had to know what they were doing and had to meet qualifications in order to be employed Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 Minimum wage 0 35 an hour Workers loved it businesses hated it Child labor laws established businesses could not hire those under 16 Women workers were not fired often times men were fired before women were Dust Bowl Over expansion and abandonment of farm land Over plowing and lack of water resources produced drought and unprecedented wind and sand storms followed Both the Dakotas Nebraska Kansas Colorado New Mexico Texas Oklahoma were largely effected Route 66 was established Started in Chicago Illinois and ended in southern California cut through a large majority of the Dust Bowl States Court Packing FDR stumbles Supreme Court Packing Fight 1937 Tried to add six new supreme court members to the Supreme Court made sure they were left of center in hopes to have them side on his forms of legislation o FDR despised the Supreme Court they always found ways in which his bills and legislation were unconstitutional he needed support from the Supreme Court not opposition The Roosevelt Recession 1937 1938 His campaign against conservative southern politicians in summer of 1938 Electorate sees FDR is capable of serious error political opponents are emboldened to oppose further New Deal legislation