HIST-151.003 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 23: “From New Era to the Great Depression 1920-1932” cont.Outline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 24: “The New Deal Experiment, 1932-1939”- Bonus Army- 1932 Election & 'Happy days are here again'- Radio & Fireside Chats- New Deal Intro- CCC, TVA, AAA- SEC- Social Security Act- WPA- NLRA/Wagner Act/ Magna Center of Labor- Fair Labor Standards Act- Dust Bowl- Court PackingCurrent Lecture Bonus Army- The Dough Boys return and are upset that they have not received their bonus from WWI- March towards Washington D.C. May 1932o March led by Walter W. Walters- General MacArthur sent to disperse the angry crowd – conflict was inevitable- Police forced to evacuate buildings filled with squatting marchers- As crowd got angrier, President Hoover forced military to take action – military burned the marchers encampments- Dough Boys still did not get their compensation – compensation was to be awarded in 1940 – many would be dead before they received their bonuses 1932 Election & 'Happy days are here again'- Hoover runs as a Republican- Roosevelt runs as a Democrat - Roosevelt sweeps the electionThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Roosevelt goes against the norm – doesn’t meet up with Hoover to discuss the futureo It had always been a tradition for the new president to meet with the old president to discuss the possibilities of future legislation as well as listen to suggestions from the previous president – Roosevelt does not want to affiliate with Hoover- Roosevelt also did not attend the world conference o The world conference consisted of all of the world leaders, they were gathering to tacklethe issue of the world’s economic crisis – Roosevelt did not consider the U.S a world power yet, he wanted to handle the U.S. economic crisis on his own- Roosevelt was inaugurated March 4th, 1933 with his famous inaugural speech “There is nothing to fear but fear itself”- Roosevelt threatened to invoke Martial Law – banning of Congressional opinion on all forms of legislation and decisions Radio & Fireside Chats- The radio dominated the 1930’s - There were public radios in 80%-85% of all homes- A majority of families used this as a form of entertainment- Radio talk-shows, game shows, as well as presidential and other governmental announcements were advertised using the radioNew Deal Intro- The first half of the New Deal 1933-1934- Created in hopes of working towards recovery - 100 days of legislation- FDR decides against a planned economy for the U.S.- The second half of the New Deal 1935-1938- FDR decides to grant “Counter-railing” power to certain social groups (labor) and regions (South, Great Plains, RM West)- The first “entitlement program” was established: Social SecurityCCC, TVA, AAA- AAA – Agricultural Adjustment Act – 1933- Solution of how to bring consumption and production to equilibrium- Later found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court – taxed middlemen to pay for the crop-growing- Allotment laws are passed – fixed the ways in which the farming industry was funded - CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps – 1933- Reflected FDR’s enthusiasm for conservation - Planted trees in national parks/forests as well as built public parks and restroom facilities within the parks- Considered a youth organization – no one over 30 joined the Corps- Young men earned $30 a month – often sent $25 back home to their parents and kept $5 for themselves- Employed 3 million young men by 1942- TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority – establishment of hydroelectric power and hydroelectric dams- FDR wanted to establish more dams, power plants, and chemical plants to be able to supply ruralAmerica with powero Brought power to rural and forest areas - Manhattan project home-baseSEC- Securities and Exchange Commission -1934- Regulates the stock market and sales of stocks- Gave the government the right to oversee all stock exchanges- Stock market became all government-regulated- Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. was mostly in charge of the SEC Social Security Act- Part of phase 2 of the New Deal – 1935- Creates an “old age pension” program, the first “entitlement program” which massively expanded over the next 50 years- The rich and the Republicans really despised the Act – they were taxed for the ActWPA- Works Project Administration - 1935- The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was too easy- Created via executive order – public benefit - Harry Hopkins ran to the FERA – employed jobless and homelessNLRA/Wagner Act/Magna Center of Labor- National Labor Relations Act, Wagner Act 1935- Result of failure of NRA (National Recovery Administration) - Closed shop – workers had to know what they were doing and had to meet qualifications in order to be employed Fair Labor Standards Act- 1938- Minimum wage $0.35 an hour- Workers loved it – businesses hated it - Child labor laws established – businesses could not hire those under 16- Women workers were not fired, often times men were fired before women wereDust Bowl- Over expansion and abandonment of farm land- Over-plowing and lack of water resources produced drought and unprecedented wind and sand storms followed- Both the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas & Oklahoma were largely effected - Route 66 was established – Started in Chicago, Illinois and ended in southern California – cut through a large majority of the “Dust Bowl States”Court Packing- FDR stumbles – “Supreme Court Packing Fight” 1937- Tried to add six new supreme court members to the Supreme Court – made sure they were left of center in hopes to have them side on his forms of legislation o FDR despised the Supreme Court, they always found ways in which his bills and legislation were unconstitutional – he needed support from the Supreme Court, not opposition- The “Roosevelt Recession” 1937-1938- His campaign against conservative southern politicians in summer of 1938- Electorate sees FDR is capable of serious error, political opponents are emboldened to oppose further New Deal