HIST 151 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 18: “Business and Politics in the Gilded Age 1865-1900” cont.Outline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 19: “The City and its Workers 1870-1900”- Old v. New Immigrants- Xenophobia- ‘Birds of Passage’ and ‘Living on the Wind’- Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882- Jim Crow- “How the Other Half Lives “ - Jacob RiisCurrent LectureOld V New - Old is good, new is bad - Old immigrants came from Germany, England, Ireland, France, Scotland, and Norwayo They’re considered good now because they look like the Americans, they’re monotheistic, and literate as well as have blonde hair, blue eyes, and white skin- New immigrants – even their own nations loathed them – Czechoslovakians, Polish, Italian, and Jewisho Did not speak English, poverty-stricken, brought organized crime (mobs), brought large amounts of children, brown haired, brown-eyed, olive toned skino They did have one skill – they knew how to work the land- Represent the largest recorded mass of migration in human history o Between 5-15 million peopleXenophobia- Heightened fear of something foreign or strange - Mainstream traditional response towards foreigners coming to the U.S.- Foreigners given strange looks, were physically threatened, and even had congressional laws placed against them- Encapsulate what many Americans are fearful of – to them, the foreigners were “never good” ‘Birds of Passage’ and ‘Living on the Wind’These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Editorials of the day used these two terms to describe immigrants- Rarely did immigrants lay down permanent residency – angered U.S. Citizens- B.O.P. would flit from one area to another o Working, filling their pockets with cash, and leaving o Would not pay their taxes, and would not vote- L.O.W. – Spent as low as possible, pool in resources to buy things, often slept five to a bed to save money and space, also for heato General appearance and quality of life are badChinese Exclusion Act of 1882- American legislation isolated Chinese from entry to the U.S.o Prohibited by law to enter the U.S.o Any Chinese living in the U.S. were strongly encouraged to leave- Also begins to separate groups like the mentally ill and impoverished Jim Crow- Reference, term, slang – blacks belong at one place and whites belong in another- White America, Black America – legalized racism, accepted segregation - Jim Crow was created from a character in a musical – white actor in black face – eventually adopted the term- Severe forms of segregation ensued“How the Other Half Lives” – Jacob Riis- Jacob Riis was a foreigner, immigrating to the U.S.- Foreign investigative reporter – looked around cities and noticed suffering o “How the Other Half Lives” – early progressive publications that called attention to new immigrants, families and children- 1st photograph “muck-rucking” offering- Focused mainly in and around the five boroughs of New York City - Poverty, crime, prostitution, and tuberculosis were all topics covered in his novel- Mostly examined the lives of the Italians, who were the most negatively reflected