NTRES 2201 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of previous lectureI. Going over prelimA) Short answerB) Long answerII. CommunityA) Environmental movementOutline of current lectureI. Environmental movementA) ContextII. Goals/mainstream environmental groupsIII. Environmental justiceIV. Radical environmentalismV. Deep ecologyVI. Community and natural resourcesCurrent lectureI. Environmental movementA) Context*Rapid growth in attendance a natural parks, exposure to outdoors*Change in composition of populace: 1) Post WWII affluence2) Relative youth*Mass mailing=better communication strategies*Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, EPA*These things lead to interest in the environmental movement*What about the attention cycle?*At some point, people begin to believe that all of our environmental problems were solved… WRONG*Just because you pass legislation, it doesn’t mean the problem has gone*Huge increases in membership in mainstream environmental organizations: NWF, Sierra Club, Ect*Departments like environmental studies can mostly be traced back to the 80’sII. Goals/mainstream environmental groups*Differences between when it is that it is getting a lot of attention, and what is happening*There is a lot of variation in the environmental movementThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-In that case there are a lot of different goals-Some oppose each other-For many, like the Audubon Society, their goal is membership (not direct action, more toward high level policy) #They are powerful because they have a lot of members, many of whom are white, rich, and/or powerful*Disadvantages of these groups-A lot of members=a broad spectrum of interests#They can’t focus on any one thing, and therefore can’t get anything truly controversial done-Professionalism#May not actually be interested in the environment if you are too focused on keeping a large, complicated organization running#Focus on donations, things with broad public appeal, not controversial things*Reminder of frames: more tangible benefits=more public supportIII. Environmental justice*Often in opposition to mainstream environmental movements*Focused on humans (especially those that are affected disproportionately) *Deals with inequality and how to address it*These people are not only likely to be exposed to environmental issues, but also more likely to die (both exposure and vulnerably)-For example, access to health care is lower in disadvantaged groups*US Commission on Civil Rights: develop policies to achieve environmental justice-When you create a new policy, you have to take into account environmental justice (good)-In 500 pages, there is not one legally enforceable obligation (bad)*What’s one way that environmental justice could be solved?-Spatial segregation is the cause (black people in different areas than white people)-Getting rid of this could solve the issue of environmental justice-Detroit is the most segregated city (this is also the one most associated with environmental decay)-Interestingly, the most racially segregated cities are in the north*Environmental movement focuses too much on saving birds and beaches, and not on the human problems right hereIV. Radical environmentalist*Monkey wrenching*Dave Foreman*The things happening to our environment should be a crime-The system doesn’t work-You can’t trust your elected officials*Huge variation: from calendar sellers to ecoterrorism*Stedman: what was monkey wrenching has now been reframed as ecoterrorism-Plane crash… immediate question: is this terrorism?-Tree spiking is ecoterrorism-The terrorism frame is super powerful*Ecoterrorism-Violence against property or people in certain environmental contexts-Earth First: no compromise in defense of mother earth #People started asking “what about environmental justice?”#Earth First said we don’t careV. Deep ecology*The value of non-human life has value beyond the value that it offers to us*We need the idea of wilderness so we don’t die as a people*We need to take an ecocentric or biocentric point of view*The ecosystem, diversity, and the life within it has rights -We have no right to harm this diversity*We need to decrease our interference with the world, as well as our population*Saving nature for nature’s sake misses the point of how environmental degradation happens-Degradation is caused by inequality-We need to leave nature aloneVI. Community and natural resources*If we have a huge level of emphasis on community-based resource management-This has problems because we have a lot of global issuesA) Community*A system of interactions *Diversity is not just the diversity of species and types of people, but also the diversity of interactions between parts of the whole-Interactive webs created-Structure: how this web works*Interaction web-These relationships are not static… they are dynamic-They can vary based on disasters, climate change, etc (all kinds of disturbances)*Leopold: community is a system of obligations/expectations-Social expectations (friendly interactions, professional interactions, romantic