Outline of Last LectureOutline of Current LectureCurrent LectureEes 1040 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last LecturePhylogeny: Inferring the Patter of EvolutionOutline of Current LectureI. OrganismsII. CladogramA. Tells Recency of common ancestryB. CharactersA. Outgroup ComparisonCurrent LectureI. OrganismsA. K Fish Toad Turtle Kangaroo Prairie Dog HumanB. Backbone x x x x x xC. Legs n x x x x xD. Amniotic Egg n n x x x xE. Hair n n n x x xF. Placenta n n n n x x1. Marsupial animalsII. CladogramA. Tells Recency of common ancestry1. No time axisB. Charactersa. Bases of comparison between homologous parts1. Starts with 12. Character statesa. Starts with 0BackboneLegAmaintic EggHairPlacentab. 0 is finc. 1 is leg1. Type of egga. 0) aquatic b. 1) amniotici. Toad 1ii. Turtle 0iii. Kangaroo 1B. Outgroup Comparison1. Look at a Taxon well outside the phylogenetic scope of our problema. Character states shared with the outgroup are likely to reflect the ancestral starting i. Therefore, Symplesiomorhphyb. character 1 2 3c. A 0 0 1d. B 1 1 1e. C 1 1 0f. Outgroup 0 0 0g. One character tells one story while another tells another storyh. How to solve conundrumi. Principle of parsimony - Choose the answer that requires the fewest Ad Hoc assumptions of homoplasyii. Ad Hoc assumptions- Times being wrong…i. Option 1i. A and B closely relatedii. Tree length 4Character 1 and 2Character 3iii. 1 ad hocj. Option 2 i. A and C closely relatedii. Tree length 6iii. 3 ad hock. Option 3i. B and C closely relatedii. Tree length 5iii. 2 ad
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