Age of the Universe?Last LectureOutlineLectureEES 1040 1st Edition Lecture 2Age of the Universe?Last LectureDatingOutlineI. 1842 Christian Johann DopplerII. Origin of solar systemIII. Extraterrestrial EvidenceLectureIV. 1842 Christian Johann DopplerA. Doppler Effect1. The wavelength of any propagating energy will shift, if the observer is changing position withrespect to the sourcea. Towards you – wavelengths are shorterb. Away from you – wavelengths are longerc. Racecar2. Doppler effect applies to light as wella. Visible spectrumb. Blue – shorterc. Red – longerd. Break light out of celestial objectse. Has the light experienced any shiftsf. Are far off objects moving closer or farther?i. Closer – blueii. Farther – redThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Shifting towards3. Red shifta. Everything we can see is moving away from us really quicklyb. The universe is expandingc. Can reconstruct the vectors d. Can predict the future where things are moving towardse. Can rewind the vectors withdrawi. Everything started same placeii. 13.8 BA- Big Bang TheoryV. Origin of solar systemA. A supernova of a dying startB. Archbishop James Ussher 16501. Literal interpretation of The book of Genesisa. Who begat who2. Added up all the descendants of Adam in Book of Genesis3. Figured 4004 BC - ~6,000 years from the bibleC. John Joly 18991. Thought primordial ocean is freshwatera. Salination through time from minerals from the riversb. How long an ocean took to get to presently salty statei. Measure saltiness of modern oceanii. Calculate amount of salt carries into the oceans by rivers each year2. ~99 MAD. Lord Kelvin – laws of thermodynamics - 18971. Original Earth was moltena. Cooling ever since by conduction2. Idea form coal minesa. Thermal gradientsb. Rocks get hotter further down3. 1897 – 20-40 MAE. Radioactivity1. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen2. 1895 – Antoine-Henri Becquerel3. Uraniuma. Decay – shed subatomic particlesi. Different substanceb. Element A (radioactive)  Heat + Subatomic particles (radiation)  Element B (more stable)i. Heat sourceii. Awful usefuliii. “Half-life” amount of time for ½ of the original substance to decay into different substance- Uranium 238 -- Half-life 4.5 BA Lead 206- Uranium 235 -- 0.7 BA Lead 207- Potassium 40 – 1.3 BA Argon 404. Rock that are undisturbed by anything (chemically)a. Mass spectrometer – tells how much of the original material and decayed amounti. Measure amount of Ur 235 / Measure amount of Pb 207 (divide)ii. Relative proportion and half-life  how long radiative decay taking place- Therefore how old the rock isb. “radiometric dating”c. Oldest rocks on Earth so fari. Northern Quebec near Hudson Bayii. 3.825 BAVI. Extraterrestrial EvidenceA. Meteorites B. Lunar Rocks1. 4.6