Evolutionary FaunaLast LectureOutlineLectureEES 1040 1st Edition Lecture 15Evolutionary FaunaLast LecturePaleoecologyOutlineI. J. John Sepkoski, JR. U of Chicago 1981A. 3 major groups of classes1. Paleozoic Evolution Fauna2. Modern Evolutionary FaunaLectureII. J. John Sepkoski, JR. U of Chicago 1981A. Took all classes of marine animalsB. Broke up Phanerozoic into roughly even small intervals (~3-5 mil yrs. each)C. Add up all families belonging to each classD. Plot stratigraphic range of each familyE. For each class, add up how many families were extant in each interval of time1. Factor analysisa. Statistical techniquesF. 3 major groups of classesa. Called these “Evolutionary Faunas”b. “sets of higher taxa (especially classes) that have similar histories of diversification and together dominate the biota for an extended period of geologic time”3. Cambrian Evolutiona. The History of Biological Diversity figurei. No. of Families C O S D C P TrJ K P Nb. Creaturei. Trilobitesii. Inarticulate Brachiopodsiii. Hyolithsiv. Monoplacophroansc. Dominant early during “Cambrian Evolution”d. Cut in half by end-Ordovician mass extinctione. By mid-Paleozoic, they had dwindled to insignificance f. Mostly mobile deposit feeders, generalized carnivores4. Paleozoic Evolution Fauna+++++++Test++++++++a. Paleozoic Fauna figurei. No. of Families C O S D C P TJ K P N- “The Paleozoic Plateau”b. Creaturesi. Articulate Brachiopodsii. Crinoidsiii. Coralsiv. Cephalopodsv. Bryozoansvi. Graptolitesvii. Ostracodsc. Dominantlyi. FILTER FEEDERS - mostlyii. SESSILEd. Rise to dominance during “Ordovician Radiation”e. Dominant groups for rest of Paleozoicf. Devastated by end-Permian mass extinctiong. Mostly still around, but greatly reduced in importance5. Modern Evolutionary Faunaa. Modern Fauna figurei. No. of Families C O S D C P T J K P Nii. K Slow rides during Paleozoic rocket to dominance after en-Permian mass extinctionb. Creaturesi. Bivalvesii. Echinoidsiii. Gastropodsiv. Crustaceansv. Vertebratesc. Mobiled. Many Infaunal (burrowing)e. Wide variety of durophagous predators i. Adapted to eat creatures in
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