Chapter 7: AlcoholAlcohol and College StudentsWhat things encourage College Students to drink so much?Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6The Chemistry and Potency of AlcoholSlide 8What Is a Standard Drink?Alcohol in the BodyBlood Alcohol ConcentrationAlcohol and Your Health: Short-term EffectsComparison of a Healthy Liver with a Cirrhotic LiverAlcohol and Your Health: Long-term EffectsAlcohol Abuse and Alcoholism:Causes of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismEffects on Family and FriendsHow to Cut Down on Your DrinkingTreatment and Recovery:Treatment ProgramsSlide 21Chapter 7: AlcoholH263Alcohol and College Students•Alcohol is the most popular drug on collegecampuses, where almost 60% of students reporthaving consumed alcoholic beverages in the past30 days.–Almost 1/2 of all college students engage in heavy episodic (binge) drinking.•Males: Consuming 5 or more drinks in 2 hours•Females: Consuming 4 or more drinks in 2 hoursWhat things encourage College Students to drink so much?© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Alcohol and College StudentsWhy Do College Students Drink?Alcohol and College StudentsStudent Drinking BehaviorCollege students are more likely than their non-collegiate peers to drink recklessly and to engage in dangerous drinking practices. Ex. Beer PongPre-gaming: Planned heavy drinking prior to going out.What Is the Impact of Student Drinking?Approximately 25% of college students report negative academic consequences because of drinking.An estimated 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 experience alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape each year in the United States.Alcohol and College StudentsColleges’ Efforts to Reduce Student DrinkingSchools are making more help available to students with drinking problems.Programs offered include cognitive-behavior skills and incorporating a social norms approach.Binge drinking has declined due to such campaigns.The Chemistry and Potency of AlcoholThe intoxicating substance found in beer, wine, liquor, and liqueurs is ethyl alcohol, or ethanol.Fermentation: The process by which yeast breaks down sugars, yielding ethanol and carbon dioxideFurther process in…Distillation: Processing of hard liquor alcohol vapors released from the mash at high temps mixed with water to form product.Learning about the metabolism and absorption of alcohol can help you understand how it is possible to drink safely and how to avoid life-threatening circumstances such as alcohol poisoning.The Chemistry and Potency of AlcoholProofThe measure of the percentage of alcohol, and therefore strength of the product.Alcohol percentage by volume is half of the given proofEx. 80 proof whiskey is 40 percent alcohol by volume.What Is a Standard Drink?Alcohol in the BodySeveral factors influence how quickly your body will absorb alcohol:The alcohol concentration in your drink The amount you consume The amount of food in your stomach Your metabolismWeight MoodBody Mass IndexBlood Alcohol ConcentrationBlood alcohol concentration (BAC), the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume, is the primary method used to measure physiological and behavioral effects of alcohol.BAC at different levels:0.02 percent: A person feels relaxed and in a good mood. 0.05 percent: Relaxation increases, and there is some minor impairment and a willingness to talk. 0.08 percent: Comes euphoria and further motor impairment.0.10 percent: The depressant effects of alcohol become apparent, drowsiness sets in, and motor skills are further impaired, followed by a loss of judgment.Factors that affect BAC include weight and body fat, concentration of alcohol, rate of consumption, and volume consumed.Alcohol and Your Health: Short-term EffectsHangoverIs often experienced the morning after drinking.Common symptoms include headache, muscle aches, upset stomach, anxiety, dehydration, depression, diarrhea, and thirst.Alcohol-related InjuriesAnnually, more than 658,000 emergency room visits in the United States result from alcohol use.Alcohol also contributes to intentional and unintentional injuries, fatal leisure activities, suicides, and sexual assaults and rapes. Alcohol and Sexual Decision MakingAlcohol affects your ability to make good decisions about sex, because it lowers inhibitions; drinkers may do things they might not do when sober.Alcohol PoisoningOccurs more often than people realize, can be fatal.Develops when consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short period, thus raising BAC levels to a lethal range.Death from alcohol poisoning can be caused by either CNS and respiratory depression or by inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs.Comparison of a Healthy Liver with a Cirrhotic Liver© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Problems associated with long-term, habitual alcohol abuse include diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and liver, as well as some cancers.Alcohol and Your Health: Long-term EffectsAlcohol and PregnancyAlcohol consumed during the first trimester poses the greatest threat to organ development.Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the third most common birth defect and one of the leading causes of mental retardation in the United States, with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 in every 1,000 live births.Symptoms include mental retardation, small head, tremors, abnormalities of the face, limbs, heart, and brain; poor memory, reduced attention span, and impulsive behavior.Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Alcohol abuse is when alcohol interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or when it entails any violation of the law.Alcoholism, or alcohol dependency, results when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe, and stopping alcohol use causes withdrawal symptoms.Of college students, 19% meet the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence (alcoholism).Causes of Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismBiological and Family Factorsa family history of alcoholism is four to eight times more common than it is among those with no such history.Children of alcoholics also have higher rates of alcoholism than the general population.Social and Cultural FactorsSome people begin drinking as a way to dull the pain of an acute loss or an emotional or social problem.Effects on Family and FriendsChildren are at an increased risk for •physical illness•emotional