Consumerism and Complementary and Alternative MedicineTypes of Allopathic Health Care ProvidersSlide 3What is CAM?Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)Why use CAM?Slide 7The 10 Most Common Cam Therapies Among U.S. AdultsSlide 9Alternative Medical SystemsCAM: Manipulative and Body-Based PracticesCAM: Energy MedicineOther CAM PracticesMaking Choices about CAM Treatments and Over-the-Counter Drugs:Choosing Health Products: Prescription and OTC Drugs:Prescription DrugsOver-the-Counter (OTC) DrugsHerbal Remedies and SupplementsSlide 19Consumerism andComplementaryand AlternativeMedicineChapter 16H263Types of Allopathic Health Care ProvidersOAllopathic medicine, also called conventional health care, mainstream medicine, or traditional Western medical practice, is based on the premise that illness is a result of exposure to pathogens.Types of Allopathic Health Care ProvidersOSpecialists include:OOsteopaths, general practitioners who receive training similar to that of MDs, but who place special emphasis on the skeletal and muscular system.OEye care specialists can be either ophthalmologists or optometrists.ODentists are specialists who diagnose and treat diseases of the teeth, gums, and oral cavity.ONurses are highly trained and strictly regulated health professionals who provide a wide range of services.ONurse practitioners (NPs) are nurses with advanced training obtained through either a master's degree program or a specialized nurse practitioner program.OPhysician assistants (PAs) examine and diagnose patients, offer treatment, and write prescriptions under a physician's supervision.What is CAM?© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)OAlthough the terms complementary and alternative are often used interchangeably when referring to therapies, there is a distinction between them.OComplementary medicine is used together with conventional medicine as part of a modern integrative-medicine approach.OAlternative medicine has traditionally been used in place of conventional medicine.Why use CAM?© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)OWho Uses CAM and Why?OA survey conducted by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine revealed that 38% of adults use some form of CAM.OComplementary and alternative medical therapies incorporate a holistic approach to medicine that focuses on treating the mind and the whole body, rather than just an isolated part of the body.OOften CAM users seek what they perceive as a more natural, gentle approach to healing.OOther CAM patients distrust the traditional medical approach and believe that alternative practices will give them greater control over their own health care.The 10 Most Common Cam Therapies Among U.S. AdultsComplementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)OWho Can Provide CAM Treatment?OVarious forms of CAM are increasingly being taught in U.S. medical schools and are available to patients in some clinics and hospitals.OSome, such as acupuncture, are even covered under many health insurance policies.OHowever, it is important to note that complementary and alternative therapies vary widely in terms of the nature of treatment, extent of therapy, and types of problems for which they offer help.Alternative Medical SystemsOTraditional Chinese MedicineOEmphasizes the proper balance or disturbances of qi, or vital energy, in health and disease, respectively. Ex. QigongOAyurvedaOAyurveda (Ayurvedic medicine) relates to the "science of life," an alternative medical system that began and evolved over thousands of years in India. Ex. Meditation and yogaONaturopathyONaturopathic medicine views disease as a manifestation of an alteration in the processes by which the body naturally heals itself. Ex. Water therapy and light therapyOHomeopathyOHomeopathic medicine is an unconventional Western system based on the principle that "like cures like” Ex. BloodlettingCAM: Manipulative and Body-Based PracticesOChiropractic MedicineOChiropractic medicine focuses on the relationship between the body's structures (primarily the spine) and their function and on how that relationship affects health.OMassage TherapyOMassage therapy is defined as soft-tissue manipulation by trained therapists for healing purposes.OBodyworkOBodywork takes several forms, including the Feldenkrais method, Rolfing, Shiatsu, and Trager bodywork.CAM: Energy MedicineOAcupunctureOAcupuncture, one of the oldest forms of traditional Chinese medicine, is sought for a wide variety of health conditions, including musculoskeletal dysfunction, mood enhancement, and wellness promotion.OThe placement and manipulation of acupuncture needles is based on traditional Chinese theories of life-force energy (qi) flow through meridians, or energy pathways, in the body.OAcupressureOAcupressure is similar to acupuncture but does not use needles.OThe practitioner applies pressure to points critical to balancing yin and yang, the two Chinese principles that interact to influence overall harmony (health) of the body.Other CAM PracticesOMind–Body MedicineOMind–body medicine employs a variety of techniques designed to facilitate the mind's capacity to affect bodily functions and symptoms.ONatural ProductsONatural products include natural treatments, interventions, and products, many of which overlap with conventional medicine's use of dietary supplements.ODietary changes, which are often part of CAM therapies, commonly involve intake of functional foods designed to improve specific aspects of physical or mental functioning.Making Choices about CAM Treatmentsand Over-the-Counter Drugs:OWhen you take any drug or supplement, you should be aware of the potential for interaction, with your individual body and particular medical issues, and with any other medicines, supplements, or practices that may affect your health.Choosing Health Products:Prescription and OTC Drugs:OPrescription drugs can be obtained only with a written prescription from a physician, whereas over-the-counter drugs can be purchased without a prescription.Prescription DrugsOFollow these tips to protect yourself from fraudulent sites:OBuy only from state-licensed pharmacy sites based in the United States.ODon't buy from sites that sell prescription drugs without a prescription or that offer to prescribe a medication for the first time without a physical exam by your doctor.OUse legitimate websites that have a licensed pharmacist to answer your questions.ODon't provide