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IUB SPH-H 263 - CH+11+Weight+Management_sv

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Managing WeightChapter 10 H263The Media and the Body•Why should I care?–Social media strongly influence how we see ourselves.–Shows can send some sort of attractiveness message about the body.•What are examples of shows that suggest “attractive bodies”?Managing Body Weight: Assessing Body Weight •When it comes to developing a healthy body, one must understand what influences their body type.•A healthy body image can reduce stress•However, negative feelings about one’s body can contribute to behaviors that threaten health.Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa 厌厌厌•Anorexia nervosa is a persistent, chronic eating disorder characterized by deliberate food restriction and severe, life-threatening weight loss.3Eating Disorders: Bulimia Nervosa 厌厌厌Bulimia nervosa is characterized by binging on huge amounts of food, and then engaging in behavior such as vomiting, taking laxatives, or exercising excessively.2How can one assess their weight in a healthy manner?Managing Weight: Underweight Underweight Body fat is composed of: –Essential fat—amount necessary for maintenance of life and reproductive functions, including:–Insulation, cushion, nerve conduction, vitamin absorption, energy, and body temperature regulation–Dropping body fat too low can compromise performance and normal bodily function, including amenorrhea for females–Storage fat—the nonessential fat that many of us try to shedExtremely low body fat can result in:•Skin problems• Hair loss• Visual disturbances• A tendency to fracture bones easily• Digestive system disturbances• Heart irregularities• Gastrointestinal problems• Difficulties in maintaining body temperatureManaging Weight: Overweight & Obesity•Overweight and Obesity–Overweight—having a body weight more than 10 percent above the healthy recommended levels (p.205-207); in an adult, having a BMI of 25 to 29–Obesity—a body weight more than 20 percent above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI of 30 or more–Morbid Obesity—having a body weight 100 percent or more above healthy recommended levels; in an adult, having a BMI of 40 or moreWhy is obesity an important health outcome to prevent?Managing Weight: Obesity Trends among U.S. AdultsVideoObesity Growth…•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDbocZ438f0Managing Weight: Factors Contributing to Overweight and Obesity•Physiological Factors–Body type and genes–Metabolic rates•Basal metabolic rate (BMR)—the rate of energy expenditure by a body at complete rest in a neutral environment•A BMR for the average healthy adult is usually between 1,200 and 1,800 calories per day.•Resting metabolic rate (RMR) includes the BMR plus any additional energy expended through daily sedentary activities.•Exercise metabolic rate (EMR) is the energy expenditure that occurs during exercise.•Yo-Yo Diets-gaining weight, then losing it quickly. –Refer to dieters who resume eating after their weight loss so their BMR is set lower, making it almost certain that they will regain the pounds they just lost–It lowers metabolism, making it harder to maintain weight loss.•Thermic Effect of Food–An estimate of how much energy is necessary to burn food caloriesManaging Weight: Factors Contributing to Overweight and ObesityManaging Weight: Factors Contributing to Overweight and Obesity•Psychosocial and Economic Factors–Food as reward–Socioeconomic factors can provide obstacles or aids to weight control.–Studies show that the more educated you are, the lower your BMI is in the United States.–In poor countries where malnutrition is prevalent, those with higher education tend to have a higher BMI.4Fast Food and Obesity…•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GXbm-iV9EA •Obesity will surpass smoking as the most preventable cause of death.•Majority of meals Americans eat are not from home.•Fast Food is addictive?Managing Weight: Factors Contributing to Overweight and Obesity•Early Sabotage: A Youthful Start on Obesity–Vulnerable to food ads–Larger portions, junk food–Social factors•Decline of home cooking•Increased production of calorie laden fast foods•Internet•Video games–Heavy adolescents generally become heavy adults.6*Managing Weight: The Concept of Energy Balance3Managing Your Weight•Understanding Calories–Unit of measure of energy obtained from food–1 pound of fat = 3,500 calories• Exercise•The number of calories spent depends on: – The amount of muscle mass moved– The amount of weight moved– The amount of time the activity takes2Managing Your Weight•Considering Drastic Weight-Loss Measures –Very-Low-Calorie Diets–Must be medically supervised–Formulas with daily values of 400 to 700 calories–Can cause significant health risks–Ketoacidosis is one potentially dangerous complication–Drug Treatment–FDA approval is not required for over-the-counter “diet aids” or supplements–Dangerous side effects and potential for abuse–Obesity Surgery–A last resort and particularly for people who are severely overweight and have weight-related


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