AMST 384 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 23Lecture 1 (September 7)Distortion in Memory- Quote: “There is no such thing as an individual memory that is independent of a collective one” – Hans-Thies Lehmann- Collective memory- individual memory is a collaboration from society’s view- Invented Traditionso Christmas: repetition of event makes it legitamite but not originally on calendar “Community is Imagined” What does this mean?- Components make you believe you exist in group- Sense of communityLecture 2Memory is…1. Processual-constantly changing2. Partial- no memory contains everything we remember3. Unpredictable- we cant predict when memory will transform4. Usable-memory helps us make connections to life5. Particular and Universal- can be specific for some or encompass a whole group6. Material- memory is collected through tangible thingsLecture 3Public Memory- Emerges from official and vernacular expressions- The dominant, official power Official Memory- Originates with dominant leaders interested in social unity and status quo - Ex: Pledge of Allegiance (created to advertise flag, show loyalty, changed words to “under god” to display catholosismVernacular Memory- “native to country”- diverse, changing, local communities - challenges official memory- Ex: painting of Washington crossing Delaware river as a leader of boat and carrying flag is an official memory. But the vernacular is the picture of Black Washington Carver challenging the original painting Uniform Monday Holiday Law- MLK day, for more family time and more time to properly remember Lecture 4Public Memory- Dominant powers write the stories and make certain things prominent o Elite manipulation Collective Memory- Representation of the past by historical evidence and symbolism Residual Memory- Bielefs and practices originally denied in earlier stages of history Emergent Memory- Opposite of residual- Practices being developed as society changes - Processual (takes time)Black History-How did it change and how do we remember?- Started as Negro History week and now Black history month- 3 Goals of emancipation celebration:o celebrateo educateo agitate - Ex: July 4th isn’t celebrated for Blacks, instead they have day of mourning/mocking - Ex: Juneteenth: Day when Texan blacks first heard that they were going to be freed, new counter-independence dayo Particular holiday because specific place was in TX- Ex: Kwanzaa: became an emergent tradition and celebrated as an African American Christmas o Memory for people to connect to their homes in Africa Lecture 5What is the problem of representing slavery in memory?- Unpredicatable remembereanceo Ex: MLK celebration, some talked about his journey, some about themes, some called him Reverend and others didn’t - Leave out details: distortion and repressed because of awful history What material memory do slaves have?- Songs and music- Words like Niggeredly- now has immediate bad connotation- Not much material memory because they were property and couldn’t own anythingWhat are the 4 categories of Schudson?- Instrumentalization- Distanciation- Narrativization- Cognitivazation and Convention Lecture 6What is hybrid history?- Mixing of different view of the past - Opposite of exterminationo Wiping out of a certain part of history altogether Explain an Imagined Community. - Limited and soverign - Our nation is an example- Imaged because - Imagined because memebers will never know everyone, sense of community - Soveriegn because concept was born in Englightenment era Who was Virginia Dare?- Remembered as first English child born in New World- Distortion: we say she is the first, therefore we wash out all previous history before her when Natives with kids have been there much longer - Used as a symbol and for commercialization (Virginia stamp and wine)What was the Lost Colony Theory of Lumbee Indians?- Indians were descendant of England’s Lost Colony because of intermarriage- This theory denies whites destruction and makes it seem that the Indians were fine with English interventions o Distorts how they treated Natives o And Legitimizes how whites and Indians supposeivly got along, not true What was Pocahontas role in Native History?- Her traditional story is that she rescued white John Smith at age 12 and married John Rolfe who was white - Climax- when she rescued Smith from her own father - Material Memory of her:o Paintings, distorts because makes her seem religious and beautiful, also makes story up about all the romance - Official Memoryo Statues in US Capital building today Lecture 7 (Recitation)Discuss the differences in MLK celebrations and how he is rememberedLecture 8What was the story of Plymouth Rock and what does it serve as a memory of?- Plymouth was were the first steps in America took place- Invented Tradition o Rock is material memory - “Real histories have been buried under palimpsest of apocryphal tales”o palimpsest- a manuscript page where text has been erased by being scrapped offo Apocryphal- a doubtful authenticity- Plymouth Rock was just word of mouth and invented story How is John McPhee and iconoclast?- Iconoclast is a person who attacks cherished beliefs/stories- He said that Plymouth rock was not true and then traces the origin of the rock to show that it didn’t even come from USHow did the invention of Thanksgiving take place?- Originally ForeFather’s Day- day to celebrated when Pilgrims landed - Evented a year later to celebrate feast between white Europeans and Natives o In art, distortions “Uncle Sam’s Dinner”-everyone around table, all welcomed “The first thanksgiving”-woman is centralized “Freedom from Want”-shows turkey as centerWhat are some Anti-holidays?- National Day of Mourningo Indians were already here without Europeans help- Unthanksgiving Dayo Honors the survival of Indians from Pilgrims intrusion Collective Memory is a result of 3 historical factors:- Intellectual and Cultural traditions- Memory makers- Memory consumers who use or ignore artifacts based on their own interests Lecture 9How is Thomas Jefferson viewed today and remembered?- President, democrat, founder, Monticello, Lousianan Purchase,- “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness”- “all men created equal”However, stories are submerged: story of how he fathered a slave and his love with Sally Hemmings who was also a slave.Discuss video “Jefferson’s Blood”- Jefferson wanted to end slaves and have