AMST 384 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture II. Foote’s PieceOutline of Current Lecture III. Western MemoryIV. Native AmericansV. CusterLecture: The Maghreb- “The West” -if you go far enough west, you go east again-depends on where your standing that determines east or westColumbus known as Discoverer of America-Discoverer makes it seem like he was first here, which isn’t true and a distortion Then why celebrate Columbus Day?-bc white is dominant race and race is used as the main channel to connect time periodsCompeting Narratives:“Winning” the West vs. “Facing East from Indian Country”- Winning the Westo Imperializing uncivilized people o Lousiana Purchase o Narrative of heroic conquest - Facing East from Indian Countryo Different perspective, one of the Indians nowo Alien invaders coming in and taking their homeland o Invasion and indiscriminate deaths and killingso Taking land by means not seen as legitimate These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Broader Indian Wars- war of conquest throughout America- Battle of Conquest - Each of these battles are sites of memory against different cultures - Massacre of Wounded Kneeo Last battle of the Indian Wars o Winter massacre of 1890 in South Dakota  Memory practice called ghost dance- trying to revive spirits that were dead and the spirits of the nation This ghost dance seen as against the nation and lead to massacre - Massacre= an unfair battle because each side are not equal in fighting power o American Indian Movement **Challenge of unfair Massacre at Wounded Knee View of American heroism challenged during the Vietnam War Emergent narratives- including parts of stories that are usually forgotten and not told in dominant narrative  Many groups refused to accept the dominant story of the white male supremacy  Minorities wanted to retake the lands that were taken from them in the massacre Nation of Native American Sovereignty:- Cherokee Nation vs. the State of Georgia, 1831o “Though the Indians are acknowledged to have an unquestionable and unquestioned right to the lands they occupy, until that right shall be extinguished by a voluntary cession to our government. Yet it may be doubted where those tribes which reside be denominated foreign nations.” They may be denominated as “domestic dependent nations” US takes possession of these lands and colonization Their relation to the US resembles that of a ward to his guardian - Subordinate statuso Sovereignty Self governing state Native Americans have their own right to their nation unless they give it up Counter national memorial practice o Do Native Americans have residual right to the land?- Custer’s Last Stand o Defeat of Custer allowed US power to assume moral authority of the defeated as a way to confirm their previous victoryo “they attacked our village and we killed them all”-Indiano Painting of battle: the west is an invented tradition  The heroic narrative of winning the west is seen in artworko Image of the last caotic white man (Custer) standing and his sacrifice  Seen as a scapegoat and guilt of white men that attoned for the sins/killings of the African Americans massacres in previous battle  Custer and his actions led to the death of all his men o History of this battle is turned into entertainment now a days Reenactment of the Custer and battle in “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West” showo Contested memory His troops called “Congress” and what is more American than Congress?- Ongoing Battle of Little Bighorno Revisionist- people looking at different angles of memory and events o “The collision of revisionist and reactionary ideologies has transformed the site into a cultural battle ground”Memory of Custer: Building up of the Legend- bones left on the battleground - Custer is buried at West Point - Collective and individual commemorationo Cemetery of those who died in battle - How the story changed overtime at different anniversary of the evento At 50th anniversary in 1926, there was a ceremony at Gettysburg and shaking hands between white and African Americano Attempt to make the story as a collaboration - First Indian Marker and Native Commemoration was years later- How do you make the Custer memorial as site of peace?o Vernacular placko In honor of Indians who fought and defeated the US Calvary and in order to save our women and children from mass murder, we are preserving rights to our Homelands, Treaties, and Sovereignty  Protecting their homelands like Americans did against the British - 100th Anniversaryo Reannactment of battle but cancelled bc scared it would turn into actual battleo Instead, “Reverse Patrotism” Blacks at Little Big Horn laid claim to their land as Indians and not American If this memorial is to serve its purpose, it must not only be a tribute to the dead, it must contain a message. - Decentralization of Custer from this entire story - Now called Little Bighorn National Monument instead of Custer Monument o Custer is being de-centered Two nationalisms at play of this place- Both Indian and US trying to be patriotic to their history and original settlers - Level of contradiction and inconsistency between the two groups Indian Patriots at Last Stand Hill- a place of unresolved energies- a place where the descendants of both sides can claim the victory as well as the moral author of defeatOverall, processual change overtime of this