BSC 101 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Section 18.1: HumansII. Section 18.2a: How Traits are Inheriteda. Gregor Mendelb. Law of Segregationc. Independent Assortmentd. Punnett SquaresIII. Section 18.3: Complex Patterns of InheritanceIV. Section 18.4: Determining GenderV. Section 18.5: DomesticationVI. Section 18.6: Genes and ProteinsOutline of Current Lecture I. Section 4.2: HabitatsII. Section 4.3a and 4.3b: How Organisms Acquire Resources and Resource RequirementsIII. Section 4.3c: Effects on Growth and ReproductionIV. Section 4.3d: NichesV. Section 4.4: Changes in Environmental Factors and ResourcesVI. Section 4.4d: Opportunistic OrganismsCurrent LectureSection 4.2: HabitatsHabitat: the place of residence of an organism – living and non-living factors.Macrohabitat: large scale, regional environmental characteristics.Microhabitat: small scale, conditions in the immediate area.Life Zones: broad area with similar types of plants, animals, and geography.Marine Life Zones: ocean depth, distance from shore, temperature, salt content.Terrestrial Life Zones: described by dominant vegetation.Section 4.3a and 4.3b: How Organisms Acquire Resources and Resource RequirementsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Resources: important substance critical to an organism’s survival that can be found in its habitat.The need for certain resources among organisms can differ based on…o Ageo Growth Rateo Developmental Stageo Environmento Activityo GenderSection 4.3c: Effects on Growth and ReproductionConstraint: A shortage on a resource which causes an organism to change in behavior to ensure survival.Tradeoff: The behavioral shift that occurs in response to a constraint.Section 4.3d: NichesNiche: range of habitat conditions and resources needed for survival.Includes….o Living locationo Food sourceso Climatic characteristicso Predatorso Parasiteso Diseaseo Ect.Niches provide understanding to the organism’s habits and its ecological role.Section 4.4: Changes in Environmental Factors and ResourcesOrganisms react to changes in their environment in a variety of different ways. These different ways are…Dormancy: a pause in an organism’s activities. This is a survival strategy. They stop growing, developing, movement, and reproduction because their environmental conditions may not be optimal. Only temporary, not a death of the organism.Hibernation: Used to survive unfavorable conditions such as a seasonal change in climate. The body changes its metabolic patterns to slow down bodily functions and sleep for an extended period of time.Migration: When an organism seasonally moves to a new habitat in order to escape the less favorable one. Can be caused by… climate, availability of food, or season of the year.Section 4.4d: Opportunistic OrganismsDisturbance: physical events that change the existing environment and the ability of organisms to survive in that habitat. Such as…o Fireo Hurricaneso Floodo Volcanic Eruptionso Widespread diseaseo Insect infestationso Ect.Opportunistic Organisms: organisms that can quickly adapt to a disturbed environment and benefit off of these changed