BSC 101 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture I. Section 5.4: Energy and Ecosystemsa. Trophic Levelsb. Food Chainsc. Food Webd. Energy PyramidII. Section 5.5: Interactions in Social Groups Increase Fitnessa. Communicationb. Dominance HierarchyOutline of Current Lecture I. Section 16.1: Elkhorn CoralII. Section 16.2: Water CycleCurrent LectureSection 16.1: Elkhorn CoralElkhorn Coralo Can be up to five feet across.o Resemble elk antlers.o Coral reefs are made u of polyps of individual coral.o Relatives of the jellyfish.o Obtain most of their nutrients through their symbiotic relationship with algae.o A keystone species.o Support biodiversity by creating a habitat for many diverse species of sea life.o An endangered species since 2006.Section 16.2: Water CycleReservoirs: locations where substances (water) resides that is only temporary.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Biological reservoirs: living things, such as plants and animals, where water resides ino Nonliving reservoirs: atmosphere, oceans, soil, or rocks.Water cycle: the movement of water all around Earth, including the changes in its state (liquid, vapor, ice).o Water is always in movement.o The amount of water on Earth is constant over time.o Doesn’t change chemically as it goes through the cycle.o Can be used to define ecosystems.o 97% of water on Earth is found in oceans.- The Pacific Ocean is the Earth’s largest body of water (holds half of all ocean water).o Saltwater is not safe to drink until the salt content is removed, but it remains as most of our water on Earth.o 3% of water is freshwater.- 90% of freshwater is found in Antarctica, in the ice.Stages…1.) The sun heats the water and evaporates it, turning it into vapor. (Humidity)2.) Air currents turn evaporated water into clouds.3.) When the clouds become too heavy, they fall as rain. (Precipitation)4.) Some rain flows over land as runoff, into lakes and oceans. The rest is absorbed into the earth. 5.) The sun heats this water and the whole cycle continues again.Watersheds: geographic regions where all precipitation drains into specific rivers or lakes.Freshwater: Naturally occurring water that doesn’t contain salt and is safe to drink.Residence time: How long water or any resource stays in one form or