BSC 101 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture 1) Syllabus ReviewOutline of Current Lecture I. Section 1.1: Aspects of Biology Applied to the Blue Whalea. Body Structureb. Reproductionc. EcologyII. Section 1.2a: Levels of Organization and ScaleIII. Section 1.2b: How Organisms Acquire EnergyIV. Section 1.2c: DNAV. Section 1.2d: Growth and ReproductionVI. Section 1.2e: Sensing and Responding to ChangeVII. Section 1.2f: Adaption and Evolution over timeCurrent LectureSection 1.1: Aspects of Biology Applied to Blue WhalesLearning how to apply the aspects of biology (body structure, reproduction, and ecology) to an example of an organism, the blue whale (balaenopteramusculus)Body Structure of Blue Whales- The blue whale is the largest animal on the planet.o Can be over 100 feet longo Can weigh up to 400,000 pounds- It’s also the loudest animal on Earth.o Can communicate over 500 miles- Blue whales have a layer of thick blubber that helps keep them afloat despite their massive size.- They don’t have teeth. They instead have 400+ plates that are made of thick hairsto catch small fish (mostly krill) and swallow them whole.- They can travel great distances in water.o Migrate many miles to follow warm climatesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Reproductive Aspects- They mate in the fall/winter.- They reproduce sexually.- A female whale can be pregnant between 10 and 12 months.- Like humans, they care for their young for an extended period of time.- They have a slow reproductive cycle.- Reaches sexual maturity between the ages of 8 and 10 years old.Ecology (study of the relationship between an organism and its environment)- They have a predator–prey relationship with krill.o Need to eat about 4 tons of food dailyWhat characteristics make organisms different from nonliving things?Section 1.2a: Levels of Organization and ScaleLiving organisms have a hierarchy of life. 1.) Atoms – all physical objects on Earth are made of atoms. They are the smallest, most basic level of organization.2.) Molecules – these are made up of atoms bonded together.3.) Cells – made up of molecules, these are the smallest level on the hierarchy that undergoes the characteristics of life. Examples; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.4.) Tissues – made up of cells. Examples; muscle tissue, nervous tissue.5.) Organs 6.) Organ Systems – all organs combined to work together.7.) Organism – made up of tissues, organs, and organ systems that interact to keep the body alive.8.) Populations – the same kind of organism within a specific area. Example; all the squirrels on the ISU quad.9.) Community – all populations of all species in a specified area. Example; all the squirrels, birds, plants, ladybugs, and students on the ISU quad.10.) Ecosystem – interactions between living and non-living factors. Example of a non-living factor; sunlight, weather, or bodies of water. Example of a living factor; other animals and plants.11.) Biosphere – encompasses all regions of the Earth’s surface, waters, and atmospheres.Section 1.2b: How Organisms Acquire EnergyThe sun is the ultimate source of energy for living organisms.There are three different ways that organisms acquire energy…Producers Use photosynthesis to collect the sun’s energy and make sugar for energy (a chemical energy) Examples of organisms that are producers; plants and algaeConsumers Obtain energy and nutrients from their food Eat producers and other organisms Examples of organisms that are consumers; animalsDecomposers Feeds off the remaining energy found in dead organisms Examples of decomposers; bacteria and fungiSection 1.2c: DNADNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains instructions for each cell and organism to reproduce. DNA is made up of… Nucleotides – the place where DNA stores all of the information Genome – the genetic content of the organism Chromosomes – where the genomes are stored Genes – individual segments of DNA coding for specific moleculesSection 1.2d: Growth and ReproductionDevelopment: the stages of increasing complexity an organism must go through throughout its life.Sexual reproduction: when a male and female mate and pass their combination DNA to their offspring.Asexual reproduction: reproduction that only requires one parent and that results in a genetically identical offspring.Section 1.2e: Sensing and Responding to ChangeHomeostasis: the process in which an organism senses, adjusts, and maintains conditions in its internal environment within a range that favors survival and reproduction.Section 1.2f: Adaption and Evolution over timeAdaption: when a trait, behavior, or structure in an organism changes to suit the organism’s current environment