CRJU 3410 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. Psychoanalytic and Personality Theories II. DefinitionsIII. Psychoanalytic theories IV. Sigmund FreudV. 5 Stages of Psychosexual DevelopmentVI. Problems associated with psychosexual developmentVII. Psychic DevelopmentVIII. Problems associated with psychic development IX. Psychic DrivesX. Defense MechanismsXI. SummaryXII. PsychoanalysisXIII. General Criticisms of Psychoanalytic Theories XIV. Deviant personality Theories XV. Psychopath XVI. Hare’s Psychopathic Checklist Revised (PCL-R)XVII. Eysenck’s Trait Theory XVIII. 5 Factor Model (Trait Theory Expansion) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XIX. Ellis’ Arousal Theory XX. General Criticisms of Personality TheoriesOutline of Current Lecture I. Feeble MindednessII. Contemporary IQ Crime LinkIII. Developmental Theories IV. PiagetV. KholbergVI. MaslowVII. Halleck Current LectureI. Feeble Mindedness (a condition of mental deficiency that is inherited)a. Goddard (Feeble Mindedness 1914)b. The upper limit of feeblemindedness: mental age 12 or IQ of 75 (number based on the prison studies, because most had 13 or over so 12 is feebleminded)c. Started using this to associate with crime d. Prison –Based Studiesi. Typically found high levels of feeblemindednessii. Problematic because obviously the dumber criminals are the ones who got caughte. Wartime Draftees Study i. A 1/3 of draftees were feebleminded ii. After this, he decided to make feeblemindedness should be IQ of 70 instead of 75 II. Contemporary IQ Crime Link a. Hirschi & Hindelang (1977)i. IQ is important, but only as mediated by what happens in school, irrespective of race or social class b. Herrnstein & Murray (The Bell Curve, 1994)i. Found caught criminals differed little in IQ from those getting away with crimesii. Methodology they used is still questionable (like Goddard)iii. Found intelligence to be correlated with SES (socioeconomic status) iv. Lower SES is lower IQv. Now we know that IQ tests are biased in class and race (so this could make sense)Basic IQ Crime Link: IQ scores Crime proneness SES IQ Scores Crime Proneness Social Determinism: IQ Scores as social labels SESCrime Proneness Labeling Perspective: IQ ScoresSchool PerformanceCrime Proneness III. Developmental theoriesa. Deviance arises from an interruption of developmental process (same idea as Freud)IV. Piaget’s Theory of Intellectual Development a. The Sensory-Motor Stage (Birth-2 Years)i. Extremely egocentric (all about me)ii. Learn through physical senses and movement)b. The Preoperational Stage (2-7 Yearsi. Egocentrism weakens and motor skills acquiredii. Dominated by magical thinking (lack of logic)c. The Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 Years)i. Start to develop ability to reason and think logicallyii. At the end, no longer egocentric iii. Require external aids, very literal thinkingd. The Formal Operational Stage (11-16 Years)i. Acquires abstract reasoning skillsii. Learns to think and reason without external aids iii. Start to care more about other people V. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development a. Extension of Piaget’s workb. Six Primary stages in 3 levelsi. Pre conventional Morality: Concern for Self (egocentrism) ii. Conventional Morality: Concern for self, others, and societyiii. Post conventional Morality: concern for the collective, no longer think about yourself at all c. Pre conventional (self comfort and safety)i. 1. Obedience and punishment orientation (how can I avoid Punishment? Only obeying rules so they don’t get punished, no moral value)ii. 2. Self-interest orientation (what’s in it for me?)d. Conventionali. 3. Interpersonal accord and conformity (good boy/girl attitude, what doessociety think? Not all about me anymore)ii. 4. Authority and social order maintaining orientation (understanding law and order) Only works on a society with determined rights and wrongse. Post conventional (highest level of morality)i. 5. Social Contract orientationii. 6. Universal ethical principles (principled conscience)VI. Humanistic Psychological Theoriesa. Believe humans are basically good, but can be constrained by society to act badlyVII. Maslow’s Need Hierarchya. 5 basic levels of need:i. Physiological Needs (sex)ii. Safety Needs (stability)iii. Belongingness and Love Needsiv. Esteem Needs (acceptance)v. Need for self-actualizationVIII. Seymour L. Hallecka. Crime as an adaptation to the helplessness of oppression (2 types of oppression)b. Objective Oppressioni. Social Oppressionii. Oppression that occurs in 2-person interactionsc. Subjective Oppression i. Oppression from within ii. Projected as misunderstood oppression d. 6 adaptations to helplessnessi. Conformityii. Activism by followingiii. Combo of aboveiv. Activism by changing v. Mental Illnessvi. Criminality1. More likely when alternative adaptations are not possible or blocked by others2. Has psychological