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GSU CRJU 3410 - Positivist School
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CRJU 3410 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. The Classical SchoolII. Neoclassical TheoryIII. Classical Theory IV. Ceseare Beccaria: Crime and Punishment V. Deterrence TheoryVI. Assessing DeterrenceVII. Rational Choice TheoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Positivist Schoola. Determinismb. People are compelledc. Environmental d. Medical ModelII. Positive Philosophya. Saint Simonb. Comtec. Natural Laws III. Empirical/Experimental Scientific Influencesa. Guerry & Quetelet b. Darwin IV. Differencesa. Positivism vs. Classical/NeoclassicalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. General Problems Current LectureI. The Positivist School a. Determinism: behavior results from factors outside the control of the individual i. Things pulling or pushing us to act a certain way, not the individual just being born badii. So this would be born good and the environment makes us bad, or just a blank slateb. People ARE COMPELLED to break the law because of their circumstances and situationsc. The cause of crime is in the environment, not the individuald. Borrows from the medical model: crime is a symptom of a deeper, underlying problem. Identify the problem and then you can treat and rehabilitate the individual i. Target crime because crime is the symptom II. Positive Philosophya. Saint-Simoni. Wanted to preserve the middle classii. Believed societies evolved b. Comtei. Coined the term positivism and is the father of sociologyii. Believed people are subject to natural laws1. More than experiences created by nature itself2. The scientific elite should determine the laws iii. People should be submissive to authority and the natural lawsc. Together i. Politics = social physics1. Social physics should be studied as a real, natural scienceii. Three stages of human knowledge 1. Theocratic: divine2. Metaphysical3. Positive: superior to the other two stagesiii. Nature makes these laws and humans discover them1. Makes idea of absolute justice possible iv. These laws limit the government to only follow the natural laws 1. This will help eliminate corruption v. Science’s purpose is to establish intellectual ordervi. Politically, positive philosophy is extremely conservative III. Empirical/Experimental Science Influencesa. Guerry and Quetelet: analyzed crime rates independently of each otheri. Found that remained fairly constantii. Concluded crime is a part of social lifeiii. Concluded crime is rooted in social arrangementsiv. Concluded crime could be eliminatedv. Concluded free will would not be so uniformvi. They were the first to use empirical analysis to show that crime was related to social arrangements b. Concluded that humans were animals: before they thought they were superior and close to god. Etc. c. Charles Darwini. Some people less evolved and more like their ape ancestors d. Humans are beings whose actions are determined by biological and cultural factors i. Experimented with animals as a way to learn about humans IV. Differencesa. Positivismi. Behavior is determined: focus off of cause and effectii. Criminals are fundamentally differentiii. Social Scientists can be objectiveiv. Assume crime is caused by multiple factorsv. Basis of society: primarily consensus, but not social contractb. Classical/Neoclassicali. Behavior is a matter of free willii. No fundamental differences matter of opportunity and choiceiii. Understand people may be biasediv. One factor: choicev. Basis of society: consensus through social contract V. General Problemsa. Overprediction: account for much more crime and does account for exception or why those occuri. Looks at society as a whole and not the individual b. Ignore criminalization processc. Problem with the belief in normative consensusd. Problem with the belief in determinisme. Problem with the belief of objective social


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GSU CRJU 3410 - Positivist School

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