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GSU CRJU 3410 - Structural Functionalism
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CRJU 3410 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Macro-Sociological OrientationII. Theory of Urban Ecology/Concentric Zone TheoryIII. Concentric Zone: 5 ConceptsIV. Social Disorganization Theory V. How did they determine this?VI. The Chicago SchoolVII. Legacy of Chicago School VIII. SDT and Public Policy Lecture I. Structural FunctionalismII. Structural Functionalism& Emile DurkheimIII. Durkheim’s Anomie TheoryIV. Merton’s Strain TheoryV. Merton’s 5 Adaptations to Strain VI. Cloward& Ohlin’s Differential Opportunity TheoryVII. Cloward& Ohlin: Group Adaptations to AnomieVIII. Strengths and WeaknessesIX. Differential Opportunity & Public Policy Current LectureX. Structural Functionalisma. Society has various institutions and groups that shift, move, and alter their mutual influencei. Result: unified social systemb. Any practice or tradition persists over time because its functional (crime is FUNCTIONAL)i. Dysfunctional if it tries to ruin society, and it doesn’t last long XI. Structural Functionalism& Emile Durkheima. Structural elements central to any analysis of society and its problemsb. Unstable relationships evolve moving from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity i. Mechanical: Tribal society 1. Primitive stage of social developmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Strong collective conscienceii. Organic: Modern, industrialized 1. An inverse relationship between collective conscience and individualism 2. Social cohesiveness requires an external element (i.e. patriotism)XII. Durkheim’s Anomie Theorya. Unrestrained ambition causes deviancei. Impulsive by natureb. Collective conscience assists in governing membersi. Have to create in organic societies c. Disturbances in the social equilibrium (collective order) set people adrift (free of restraints)i. To think free of society d. Anomiei. Resulting social condition from disturbancesii. A relative absence or confusion of norms and rules (normlessness) e. Identifies 2 major causes of anomie:i. Division of labor & rapid social change f. Anomie explains deviance in times of war and rapid industrializationg. Crime is bad, but normal and inevitable, even necessary i. Society without crime would be over controlled, which is unhealthyXIII. Merton’s Strain Theorya. Americanize Anomie Theoryb. Unrestrained ambition is the prime cause of crimec. U.S. considers economic success the main goali. Culture generally uniform d. Means justifies the end, doctrinee. Social Structure determines access to legitimate opportunitiesf. Anomic Trapi. Normlessness (anomie) arises out of disjuncture (strain) between goals and meansg. People adapt to strain in 1 of 5 ways XIV. Merton’s 5 Adaptations to Strain; Blue = leads to crime Modes of Adaptation Cultural Goals Institutional MeansConformity + +Ritualism - +Innovation + -Retreatism - -Rebellion +/- +/-XV. Cloward& Ohlin’s Differential Opportunity Theorya. Integrated Chicago School’s cultural transmission (cultural ideas passed on through generations), Merton’s strain theory (financial success), and Cohen’s negativistic subcultures (social success) b. Both money and status are importanti. But are independent of each other c. The societal distribution of illegitimate and legitimate means of success is not equald. Membership in a delinquent subculture is key to delinquency (gang)i. A legit career and a criminal career are equally as difficult to maintain e. Identify three types of gangs: criminal, conflict, and retreati. Each gang type represents a specific mode of adaptation to perceived anomie. XVI. Cloward& Ohlin: Group Adaptations to Anomiea. Crime is not an individual endeavor, but part of collective adaptationb. Gangs arise in disorganized lower class neighborhoods in response to a lack of both legit and illegit opportunities c.Types ofAdaptationConventionalGoalsLegitimateMeansCriminal + -Retreatist - -Conflict +/- -XVII. Strengths and WeaknessesTheory Strengths WeaknessesAnomie Theory(Merton)• Seemed to fit with historical, anecdotal, and cross-cultural evidence• Difficult to define or measure society-wide anomie; • Empirically hard to proveStrain Theory (Merton)• Made sense during the Great Depression, and in 50s with the “beat generation”• Somewhat easier to measure than anomie• Hasn’t yielded definitive results XVIII. Differential Opportunity & Public Policy a. Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act (1961)i. Key Goal: to empower antipoverty groups to open up more opportunities using rent strikes, demonstrations, voter registration, and political mobilizationsii. 3 Fatal Flaws: 1. a philosophical shift away from providing access to political and social empowerment2. goals of opportunity-based programs created obvious problems3. the established and entrenched poverty-serving bureaucracies transformed it to serve their own


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GSU CRJU 3410 - Structural Functionalism

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