PSYC 304 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Endocrine System (changes)II. Males vs. Females (changes)III. Phases of Menopause & Models of SymptomsIV. Hormone TherapyV. Psychological Effects of MenopauseOutline of Current Lecture I. Sleep & Sleep DeprivationII. Age Related Changes in SleepIII. Health Problems and SleepIV. Hospitalization and Long-Term Care Placement & SleepV. Implications of Age Related Sleep ChangesCurrent LectureI. Sleep & Sleep Deprivationa. Sleep Architectureb. Adequate Total Sleep Timei. Young Adults (7-9 hours)ii. Teens (8-10 hours)iii. Adults (7-9 hours)c. Restful Sleepd. Restorative = Deep + REM Sleepi. Physical and Psychological Restoratione. Sleep Deprivationi. Harmful physical and psychological changesii. Daytime Fatigueiii. Irritabilityiv. Impaired Learning Abilityv. Delayed Healingvi. Visual & Auditory Hallucinationsvii. Look into 5 Stages of Sleep in BookII. Age Related Changes in Sleepa. Disruption of Circadian Rhythmsi. Declines in Cerebral Metabolic Rate and Cerebral Blood Flowb. Reductions of Neuronal Cell CountsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Structural Changes, Such as Neuronal Degeneration and Atrophyd. Greater Difficulty Falling Asleepe. More Frequent Awakeningsf. More Frequent Daytime Nappingg. Decreased Amounts of Nighttime Sleep, especially Deep Sleeph. Most older adults require 6-10 hours of sleep per nighti. Less than 4 hours or more than 8 hours associated with higher mortality ratesi. Prefrontal cortex sensitive to sleepii. Executive Functions sensitive to fatiguej. Psychosocial Problems Associated with Sleep Disturbancesi. Life Stresses +1. Depression2. Anxiety3. Menopauseii. Psychosocial Influences that may disrupt sleep1. Social Isolation2. Caregiving stress and strain3. Grief and bereavementIII. Health Problems and Sleepa. Physical Discomfort or Painb. Dementiai. Breakdown of Normal Sleep-wake Cycleii. Short Periods of Fragmented Sleepiii. Reduced Stages 3,4 and REM Sleepc. Cardiac/Respiratory Problemsi. Orthopneaii. Shortness of Breathd. Health Problems and Medications May Cause Sleep Disruptioni. Snoringii. Sleep Apneaiii. Urinary Problems1. Nocturia2. Urinary frequency3. Benign prostatic hyperplasiaiv. Alcoholv. Caffeinevi. Sleeping medicationsvii. Decongestionsviii. Antihistiminesix. Diet Pillsx. Steroidsxi. Beta-blockersxii. Beta-agonistsxiii. Opioidsxiv. Antidepressantsxv. Recreational DrugsIV. Hospitalization and Long-Term Care Placement & Sleepa. Fragmented & Disturbed Sleepb. Repetitive delivery of nursing carec. Excessive noise levelsd. Bright lightse. Painf. Poor Communication with staff membersg. Temperatureh. Unfamiliar Surroundingsi. Tasks:i. Executive Functioning Task: Trail Makingii. Working Memory Task: Backward Digit Spaniii. Visuospatial Reasoning: Block DesignV. Implications of Age Related Sleep Changesa. Daytime Sleepinessb. Fatiguec. Attention Deficitsd. Quality of Lifee. Motor Vehicle