PSYC 304 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Demographic ChangesII. Developmental PrinciplesIII. ChangesIV. Personal Aging vs. Social AgingV. Age Indexes & Developmental Influences of ChangeOutline of Current Lecture I. Physical ChangesII. Vital Organ System ChangesIII. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System & Lifestyle FactorsCurrent LectureI. Physical Changesa. Appearancei. Skin1. Loss of Elasticity, Collagen & Elastin -> Becomes less flexible2. More Transparent, Discolorations Develop3. Vitamin D production decreasesii. Hair1. Loss of Color, Decreased production of Melanin, White hairs mix with colored hairs -> Falls out2. Androgenic Alopecia – Hair loss associated with aging (Pattern Baldness)b. Mobilityi. Decreased Height (Bone loss in vertebrae)ii. Increased in BMI (body mass index)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Loss of Fat Free Mass (FFM)iv. Redistribution of Fatv. Decrease in Muscle Mass/Strength (SARCOPENIA)vi. Bones -> Loss of Bone Mineral Content, Calcium Lossvii. Osteoporosis – loss of mineral contentviii. Joints:1. Loss of arterial cartilage2. Outgrowths of cartilage develop3. Osteoarthritis: Degenerative Joint Disease Cartilage Deteriorates4. PREVENTION: Flexibility Training can compensate, Proper footwear, Exercisec. Vital Body Functionsi. Aerobic Capacity: Max amount of activity you can do as measured by oxygen consumption (how efficiently you extract oxygen from tissue)1. Decrease in aerobic capacity 1% per year2. Decrease in expiratory volume, slower excretion rate, digestivechangesII. Vital Organ System Changesa. Cardiovascular Systemi. Declines occur even in highly trained athletes – exercise can slow the process though. (Prevention & Compensation are key)ii. Respiration – Lung Capacity Decreases, Tissue less elastic, Less efficient oxygen exchangeiii. Circulation – Oxygen Consumption Decreases, Heart will be less efficient pumpb. Digestive System – Some changes in esophagus, secretion of saliva & gastric acid (lifestyle plays important role)i. Xerostomia (dry mouth) – loss of tastebudsii. Decreased absorption of Iron/Vitaminsiii. Slower Metabolism (fats/proteins)iv. Immune Senescene – changes in cells, decreased resistance (Diet & Exercise are important)III. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System & Lifestyle Factorsa. Major Diseasesi. Atherosclerosis (Narrowing)ii. Arteriosclerosis (Hardening)iii. Myocardial Infarction (Acute Blockage)iv. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)v. Congestive Heart Failure (Not Enough Flow)vi. Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)b. Lifestyle Factors (that effect your chances of getting a Cardiovascular Disease)i. Sedentary Lifeii. Smokingiii. Body Weightiv. Alcohol Intakev. Sociocultural