HIST 1311 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture America before Columbus I Beringia II Early Settlements III On the Eve of Coast Outline of Current Lecture IV European Exploration Spain and the New World Current Lecture America before Columbus Precursors Greeks using radicals and geometry figured out the world was round What is Renaissance Rebirth of arts and science which starts in Italy in the late 1200s One of the products is A Claudius Ptolemy 2nd century CE Roman Egyptian created a map It was rediscovered 15th century Problems Not accurate circumference calculation was wrong B Behaim Globe 1492 A German introduces the Behaim Globe Sepangu Japan C Other developments in the West These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Portugal s first political identity begins to push out invader They reconquer their land Nation State equivalence of a country based on boarders for a long part of time What is culture A way of life to give meaning to people centralized government that has a shared future with nation Portugal starts to look outward Prince Henry starts a Navigation School 15th Century Tools borrowed from East Astrolabe picking celestial objects and measure them with the horizon to determine the location Compass uses magnets to detect poles Chinese invention Cog old medieval style ship with flat hole which makes it only sail on the shallow Caravel Lateen is like a sail has a deeper hole so is stable in deep waters and rough seas Borrowed by Arabs Note China had the capacity but not the desire to colonized America Portuguese were looking for resources for example gold Kingdom of Mali 14th 17th Century Mansa Musa 14th Century is a Muslim he went on a pilgrimage to Mecca to ensure his salvation Portuguese traded captives for gold Hajj and Cairo Inflation He had a crew of 100 and went they went through Egypt they dug so much gold they collapsed the Egyptian s economy Other Portuguese Bartholomew D 1488 They reached Southern Africa He got to Cape of Sorrow which is a giant cliff structure very difficult to navigate Vascow de Gama 1497 He make is t all the way to India to the Spice Is Since it was a long voyage they had to stop to get supplies frequently and lead them to Westerlies Note Importance of 1492 is Columbus and the Globe Spain and the New World United Spain 1469 A union of power in the region Ferdonanol ll Aragon Isabella l Castle Spanish Nation State negative relation with other nations Reconquista 1492 is to reconquer their land and culture By 1492 the Reconquista was complete and had a unified Spain Cristopher Columbus was an Italian explorer navigator and colonizer citizen of the Republic of Genoa He acclaimed that to get to India there was a shorter way the West He is getting his knowledge from Ptolemy s Geographia Behaim Globe L Anse aux Meadows Leif Erickson ca 1000 Taino He comes in contact on his first voyage He wanted to conquer them all for gold Upon his return the crown will give him an encomienda which is the right to the people of the land that is they were not Christians the conquistador had to make them Christians himself He said that for labor they should use Africans because they were stronger and more immune to diseases Bartolome de las Casas Historia de los Indios Colonization Treaty of Tordesillas Divides the world into influences of Portugal and Spain Hernan Cortes A governor in Cuba who led an expedition to Central Mexico that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire Queztalcoatl 1519 Cortez and his crew come riding into town and take over it Moctezuma the emperor of the Aztecs