HIST 1311 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture America before Columbus I Beringia II Early Settlements III On the Eve of Coast Current Lecture l Beringia How to we measure time carbon dating before Christ BC after Christ AC BCE Before the Common Era There was an ice age and people Much of the global ocean was ice It expands and the water levels decrease and we get land masses that is not accessible For instance it is what we call the Bering Land Bridge also called Beringia in which many human populations and animals first used to pass from Asia to populate the Americas A Other theories Global warning it cuts two population Evolution they will develop different have certain genetic habits Diseases and Immunities come from plants animals procreate so people of other generations are more resistant EX Spanish Influenza people living at close proximity to livestock 75 million of deaths Bubonic Plague flees on rats 100 200 million of deaths These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute B Agricultural Revolution Corn beans and squash are the 3 agricultural sisters ll Early Settlements First settlements in North America begin along the Ohio River Valley They were called mount builders 1500 BC 1000 CE Along this Ohio River Valley these groups share some common traits 1 Growing maze corn 2 Trade and commerce 3 Burial mountains A Adena 1000 200 BCE Their mounts would align with celestial objects B Mississippians 800 1500CE 1 Cahokia city estimated population was 20 000 40 000 people 2 Monks Mound a ritual mound for monks 15 acres NOTE The connection between these groups they have the same life structure we have C Anasazi 850 1250 CE 1 Chaco Canyon they built a structure known as Pueblo Bonito It was built out of clay and housed 800 people They build this type of structure to protect themselves from natural disasters Kiva D Aztecs 1400 1521 1 Mexica ethnicity 2 Nahuatl language 3 Aztlan provenance 4 Tenochititlan capital They developed a Tributary Empire which means conquering outside empires and let the people stay unless they sent gold foods or slaves They sacrificed their slaves to appease the Sun God for the sun to come out every day They removed off their hearts They might have continued these rituals because it is part of their culture and for their people to keep believing NOTE What did the Spanish noticed about the environment when they first got there very red dry and humid smell lll On the Eve of Coast 1 Major World Powers in the Old World A Ming Empire in China 1368 1644 1 Zheng He 1405 1433 was in control of a newly form Chinese navy In this period he made nine voyages around China and makes it far as the east coast of Africa where they picked up exotic animals to take back to China He was Muslim and was a neuter Neuters are individuals that are castrated at birth in order not to be treat to other males 2 Junks ships for the voyages Length of the football field Each one had a crew of 30 000 people B Ottoman Empire named after Osman 1 the founder Mehmed ll Contained a huge amount of land They were Turkish clan They would control the Black Sea and the Mediterranean for centuries They settle in the region known as Asia Minor Until the late 1200s they begin to expand and consolidate these tribes In the beginning of 1422 they will set an encampment around the Byzantine city of Constantinople From 1422 1453 they will built fortifications on the east side known now as Istanbul and wait and wait 1453 They finally invade Constantinople and conquer it It became the crown jewel of the Ottoman Empire They renamed it Istanbul Lasted until 1918 World War l C Europe in the Ottoman Context 1 Mediterranean Trade silk spices tea had to pay the Ottoman Empire in order to keep trading through here 2 Florence Medici banking family that runs Florence They build the largest dome in Europe Architect was Brunelleschi