Bio 201 1st edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Brief Introduction to Biological ChemistryA. Covalent BondsB. ElectronegativityCurrent LectureI. Intro to Biological ChemistryA. Covalent Bonds-Electrons exist in pairs, these pairs are considered to be stable-Unpaired electrons are unstable and pair with other unpaired electrons, this results in the formation of covalent bonds-Biologically important functional groups are created by covalent bonds; *these are often used in Bio 201These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Some atoms can form multiple covalent bonds. This means that certain atoms have multiple unpaired electrons that pair to different unpaired electrons to stabilize themselves, these include; Hydrogen(1)-1 covalent bondCarbon(6)- 4 covalent bonds Nitrogen(7)-3 covalent bondsOxygen(8)-2 covalent bondsSulfur(16)-2 covalent bondsB. Electronegativity- the tendency to attract electrons-Different amounts of attraction (electronegativity) lead to different ionization energies-Ionization energy describes the minimum amount of energy required to removean electron-Cations are positively charged because they lose electrons, while Anions are negatively charged because they gain electrons-Since opposites attract cations and anions come together to form a stable pair, the force holding these oppositely charged ions together is an ionic bond.-Ionic bonds are strong, but not as strong as covalent
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