Bio 201 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. LifeII. MetabolismA. PhotosynthesisB. OxidationC. Redox CouplingIII. GlycolysisA. Reaction 1Outline of Current LectureI. FermentationA. AlcoholicB. Lactic AcidC. Anaerobic Metabolism SummaryII. Aerobic MetabolismA. The 4 PathwaysCurrent LectureI. Fermentation- Replenish’s NAD+A. Alcoholic Fermentation- Produces CO2 and ethanol. Used in beer, wine, and bread rising. Release of CO2 causes bread to rise and beer to become carbonated. The ADP ethanol reduction reaction couples to the NADH NAD+ oxidation reaction.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Lactic Acid Fermentation- Glucose pyruvate, pyruvate reduces to lactate, coupled to NADHNAD+. This is not always good, lactic acid build-up can be harmful, the liver can turn lactic acid into glucose in aerobe organisms. C. Anaerobic Metabolism- Glycolysis- Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate, nets 2ATP and 2NADH. Fermentation- NAD+ is replenished for anaerobic metabolism, produces either ethanol and CO2 or lactic acid. II. Aerobic Metabolism- Evolved when O2 levels increased in the atmosphere. Complete oxidation to CO2. Advantages: more energy from oxidation of pyruvate, harness energy stored in NADH and FADH2 to make ATP. A. The 4 Pathways:1. Pyruvate Decarboxylation- Pyruvate oxidation. Makes Aerobic metabolism possible. Highly exergonic, formation of NADH per molecule of pyruvate. Formation of high-energy bond between acetyl and coenzyme A. This fuels citric acid cycle. 2. Citric Acid Cycle- Pyruvate oxidation. 1st reaction- Acetyl-CoA (2C) + OAA (4C) CoA + (6C) citric acid. Oxidation to CO2 and OAA. Production of 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 per cycle. Formation of 1 ATP per cycle. 3. Electron Transfer System- Captures energy from NADH and FADH2 to create H2 gradient.4. ATP
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