Bio 201 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Pathways of Aerobic MetabolismA. Electron Transport SystemB. B. ATP SynthaseOutline of Current LectureI. Aerobic MetabolismA. Metabolic Pathway RegulationII. PhotosynthesisA. ChloroplastsB. Light-dependent ReactionsC. Light-independent Reaction (Calvin cycle) Current LectureI. Aerobic Metabolism- Glucose + 6O2 6CO2 + H2OA. Metabolic Pathway Regulation- Most reactions in cells are reversible, which allowsthe cell to easily adjust levels of reactions and/or intermediate in reactions. However, highly exergonic reactions are irreversible. The regulations of PFK-1, catalyzes the irreversible reaction of fructose phosphate. ATP= Low affinity, allosteric inhibition. Allosteric activation by AMP and ADP. Allosteric inhibition by citric acid, and inhibited by low pH. II. Photosynthesis- Energy from light is converted to chemical energy (sugars). CO2 +H20 SUGARS + O2. A. Chloroplasts- Site of photosynthesis, derived from endosymbiosis of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, intracellular organelles, double membrane. Stroma- Interior of chloroplasts. Thylakoid- Photosynthetic, sub-organelle within chloroplasts. Lumen- interior of thylakoid, proteins are stored here. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Light- Dependent Reactions- Production of ATP and NADPH for use in calvin cycle, P in NADPH to regulate/ differentiate from metabolic NADH. This converts energy from sunlight to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Sun + ADP + P + NADH + H2O ATP + NADPH + O2. Light Harvesting- Antennae chlorophylls and other pigments that absorb energy from light and transmit the energy to reaction centers. Reaction center- Chlorophyll- protein complex that transdues the energy from antennae to electron transport. Photosystem- Complex containing antennae, reaction centers, and other proteins involved in photosynthesis. Electrons in each pigment are excited by absorbed protons. Different pigments have a different absorption spectra- part on plants that reflects absorption spectra of multiple pigments, determining the color of the plant. The energy from the absorbed light istransmitted to electrons in chlorophyll a, which is in the reaction center. -Photosystem II (PS II)- Reaction center P680 absorb maximally at 680 nm. This is the first photosystem in non-cyclic transport, followed by photosystem I.-Photosystem I (PS I)- Reaction center P700 absorbs maximally at 700nm. Follow photosystem II in non-cyclic electron transport. Can function alone to make ATP incyclic electron transport. C. Light- independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)- Production of glucose from CO2 using ATP and NADPH from light- dependent
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