ANSC 250 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Reasons why the environmental health is important for you and your petsII. Comprehending the connections between the animal liberation movement and the environmental movement and what you can do to help minimize itIII. Examples of how dogs are used in conservation Outline of Current Lecture I. History of Animal Protection- Victorian England II. Early legislative protections and organizations III. Other important animal protection organizations Current LectureI. Victorian England (1837-1901) A. The three major changes leading to an interest in animal protection are:i. Interest in the order of the natural worldii. Reformismiii. Preoccupation with pain and suffering B. Aristotle’s “Great Chain of Being” placed humans above other animals (hierarchy). Linnaeus placed humans and other animals in same category (based on observed anatomical similarities and differences) C. Charles Darwin believed that humans and other animals evolved to share both physical and emotional traits. (The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 1872) D. What was the connection between advocates against slavery and advocates for animal protection?i. Reformismii. concern for social issues1. slavery2. child labor3. treatment of womenE. William Hogarth created the Four Stages of Cruelty (1751). What was the point of this piece?i. Cruelty to animals --> cruelty to humans (cruelty toward animals lead to cruelty toward other humans- with women and experimenting on other human beings' bodies. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.F. Who was Rene Descartes? What did he do and what did he believe in regards to other animals?i. Introduction of pain relieversii. Descartes believed in animals incapable of feeling pain iii. experiments on live, conscious animalsiv. vivisection debate begins--> pain in animals (vivisection: scientific experiments on live animals) G. Common forms of cruelty:i. Overworked, beaten animals ii. Work horsesiii. Vivisectioniv. Blood sports (dog fighting, etc.) v. Random crueltyvi. Stray dogs/catsvii. No protection existedH. Prior to the 1800’s, what protections were in place for other animals?i. No protection existed (sparked frustration in people who cared about animals)ii. Jeremy Bentham: "The question is not, Can they reason? Nor, Can they talk? But,Can they suffer?" II. Early legislative protections and organizations A. What was the first legal protection for other animals in England? What did it stop? Who helped to pass this bill?i. 1800: Ban bull baiting (failed)ii. 1809: Ban cruelty to all domestic animals (failed) iii. Passage of the Ill-Treatment of Cattle Act (1822)1. Richard Martin2. good news: eliminates bull baiting (and transport of cattle for slaughter)3. bad news: rise of dog fighting B. What was the first organization formed to protect animals? What was it later called in 1840? What animals were they focused on protecting?i. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)1. 1824: first SPCA formed2. Richard Martin, Wilberforce, and Rev. Arthur Broome3. early priorities: investigate and enforce laws; mistreatment of cows 4. prefix 'Royal' added in 1840 by the Queen-> became the RSPCA C. What was the second animal protection organization to form, this time in the United States? Who formed this organization? What animals did they focus on protecting?i. HenryBergh1. founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) in 18662. RSPCA as model3. Anti-cruelty law passes; ASPCA enforces4. early focus: mistreatment of horses (first ambulance for horses in NYC) 5. Growth of SPCAs in America6. modeled after ASPCA7. by 1873, 25 US states and territories had their own SPCAs- independent organizations 8. early focus on horses and livestock D. What was a huge concern regarding the treatment of stray dogs and cats by the New York City pound? i. plight of strays1. become victims of vivisection 2. work animals 3. Rounded up and killed (not humanely) -drowning strays by putting them in cages and descend into the river ii. SPCAs' role in Animal Sheltering 1. in 1894, ASPCA took over managing the NYC pound2. after Bergh's death3. Sheltering soon becomes dominant role for SPCA's E. Who was Mary Ellen Wilson and how was she connected to Henry Bergh?i. She reached out to Bergh about mistreated children ii. Bergh's connection to child protectioniii. Bergh wanted to keep child and animal protection separatediv. Children also treated like property- Bergh helped to remove the mistreated childfrom her parents and put the child in a foster home III. Other Important Animal Protection OrganizationsA. What was the third animal protection organization to form at a national level? What makes this organization unique (the additional role they take on)?i. American Humane Association (AHA)1. Established in 1877 to combine efforts of regional groups on a national levela. First priority: welfare of livestock during transportb. Assumed a child protection role! c. Advocates for humane education in schools B. What was the fourth animal protection organization to form? Where are they located and why?i. Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) 1. Part of the AHA breaks away in 19542. Chose Washington, DC as its base because closest to law makers- easy access to politicians in order to advance protection for animals 3. MAJOR national voice for animal welfare C. What is the focus of theFund for Animals? Who was its founder? i. Founded in 1967 by author Cleveland Amory (1917-1998) ii. wildlife focus iii. Merged with HSUS in 2005D. What is the Black Beauty Ranch and who founded this?i. Cleveland Amory Black Beauty Ranch1. Animal sanctuary 2. 1,300 acres located in Texas3. ~1,400 animals 4. Established by Cleveland Amory5. now maintained by the HSUS E. Which organization maintains a companion animal sanctuary? What movement/philosophy are they advocates for?i. Best Friends Animal Society1. Formed in the 1970s 2. Several national campaigns 3. Companion animal sanctuary4. 33,000- acres ranch in Utah5. ~1,700 animals 6. Dog Town, Cat World 7. "No More Homeless Pets"8. Advocate of the "no-kill' philosophy F. Do the national organizations discussed today fund local animal shelters? Do they help these shelters at all? What do these organizations do that local