ANSC 250 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I What is a companion animal II Roles in Society III Pet ownership statistics IV Why do we love cats and dogs A The Human Animal Bond HAB Outline of Current Lecture I Defining domestication II Dogs Decoded video III Selective breeding Current Lecture I What is domestication A Refers to a population of animals B Traits are passed to offspring C The process by which a wild species is adapted to live with humans Zawistowski D Artificial shielding from risks that normally shorten lives of wild organisms Dawkins E Requirements i Flexible diet ii Reasonably fast growth rate iii Ability to be bred in captivity increased reproductive efficiency iv Pleasant disposition v Even temperament vi Modifiable social hierarchy vii Physical change morphology size color etc F Domestication is NOT taming i Taming 1 Refers to an individual animal 2 Retention of wild characteristics 3 Traits are not passed on to offspring 4 Reduced tendency to flee or be defensive around humans These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute G To domesticate an animal you must choose the most tame individuals in a population and selectively breed those individuals for many generations H Finding one animal and managing to tame it doesn t mean tameness is in its genes You want more naturally tame animals I Functional domestication Ex smaller horns more wool less muscular adapt to fit needs of humans smaller brain teeth body size i Ex Dogs dogs are domesticated wolves contracted shorter face changes in mitochondrial DNA shows estimation of when domestication happened ii DOGS DECODED Where and when 11 32 000 yrs ago 1 When best guess 16 000 yrs ago 2 Where highly debated currently unknown 3 How a 2 hypotheses exist i Human Mediated Domestication 1 Clutton Brock 1995 in The Domestic Dog a Wolves as a resources furs food etc b Pups are a travel snack 2 Pang et al 2009 Molecular Biology Evolution a Origin in SE Asia b Domestication as a food source 3 Taking in orphaned wolf puppies Keeping the most tame and culling those too aggressive to handle ii Self Domestication 1 Idea that dogs essentially domesticated themselves 2 Most naturally tame wolves scavenged near human settlements and obtained the most food more fit 3 These more tame wolves were more likely to pass on their genes to future generations Natural selection creates the domesticated dog iii DOGS DECODED PART 2 Tameness vs Domestication 1 Raising wolf puppies taming 2 Silver Fox Experiment domestication selectively breed them over generations iv DOGS origin of variability 1 Pariah or Village dogs 2 Essentially the first domesticated dogs 3 Dogs for hunting saluki 5 000 6 000 yrs ago v CATS WHERE AND WHEN 1 How grains more rodents needed pest control so needed cats 2 Origin of variability coat color size etc a Egypt i Honored and revered ii Gods with cat like appearance iii Protected by laws iv Religious rituals 1 Mourned the loss of the family s cat b Middle Ages i Cats were hated b c were linked to femininity witches ii Killing a lot of cats leaded to less pest control more spread of diseases iii Fear of black cats originated at this time 3 Domestic short medium long haired cats not pure bredmajority of our cats II Selective Breeding A Humans choosing the traits we want saluki husky akita chowchow tibetan B C D E F G H terrier Pre 1800 s i Function 1 Abilities 2 Hunting herding protection etc Early 1800 s i Functional form ii Birth of the Dog Fancy iii Pet ownership and breeding as status symbol Post WWII i Family dog and the American Dream ii Increased demand for purebred dogs iii Introduction of the Puppy Mill Kennel Clubs i Founded in 1873 in UK for dog breeders American Kennel Club AKC i Founded in 1884 in US for dog breeders Cat Fancier s Association i Founded in 1906 for cat breeders specifically Issues that come along with purebred dog breeding i Meeting breed standards ii Inbreeding less genetic variability iii No focus on health behavior or function unproductive animals