These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Lecture!3!Egyptian)History)I. Imhotep!A. Step!Pyramid!1. First!recorded!effort!of!an!attempt!of!a!pyramid!B. Imhotep’s!Palace!1. Heb!Sed!–!the!first!festival!to!be!celebrated!by!the!spirit!of!the!king!!2. Funerary!Complex!of!King!Zoser!C. Palaces!in!Old!Kingdom!1. Had!both!a!North!and!South!entrance!because!there!were!two!of!everything!located!in!the!palace!due!to!the!fact!that!the!King!ruled!both!lower!and!upper!Egypt!therefore!he!had!to!do!everything!twice.!2. South!Palace!K!Identified!with!Upper!Egypt!3. North!Palace!–!Tourist!are!not!allowed!here,!decorated!with!columns!that!the!south!side!does!not!have.!a. Columns!do!not!actually!support!anything,!they!are!engaged!columns!or!columns!that!are!buried!into!the!wall!b. Top!of!column !referred!to!as!the!Capital!c. Columns!resemble!the!papyrus!plant!blooming,!“upside!down!bells”!which!also!represent!Lower!Egypt!d. Columns!stand!for!“art!imitates!nature”!II. Giza!A. Pyramids!of!Giza!1. 3!pyramids:!belonged!to!the!fourth!dynasty!of!three!Egyptian!kings!2. Largest!pyramid!(oldest)!–!Khufu!or!Cheops!(Greek)!3. Second!pyramid!belonged!to!Khafre!(Chefren)!4. Last!pyramid!(smallest)!belonged!to!Menkaure!(Mykerinus)!5. Served!as!tombs!for!the!Kings!6. New!and!improved,!smoother!sides!B. “The!Great!Pyramid”!K!Khufu!1. Last!standing!of!the!7!wonders!of!the!world!2. Stood!470ft!high,!767ft!squared!at!bottom,!estimated!3.2!million!pounds!of!granite!stone,!outer!veneer!made!of!limestone!(which!was!removed!by!the!masons!of!Cairo)!3. Schematic!Design!included!value!temple,!monetary!temple,!a!causeway!and!great!pyramid!C. Construction!!!))))))))))))))))))))ARCH)20034001))! !!1. Stone!moved!by!water!(Nile!River)!2. There!is!no!real!explanation!for!how!the!stones!were!put!in!place!however!studies!suggest!ramps!and!logs!were!used,!supposedly!built!from!the!inside!out!starting!from!the!center!of!pyramid!3. Contrary!to!belief!the!pyramids!were!not!built!by!slaves!but!“free!laborers”!D. How!Did!you!Get!inside/!What’s!Inside!1. Entrance!at!the!center!“arch!like!structure”!2. Picture!portrayed!as!a!section!or!an!architectural!drawing!that!displays!the!building!as!cut!in!half!right!down!the!middle!3. Khufu!had!three!different!burial!chambers!4. Consisted!of!3!chambers,!3!airshafts,!queens!chamber,!grand!galley!–!150ft!long!width!of!a!football!field!and!28ft!high,!casing,!and!subterranean!chamber!5. Each!horizontal!layer!of!the!Grand!Galley!sticks!out!a!little!more!than!the!layer!before!which!is!a!structural!technique!called!corbeled!vault!6. Burial!chambers!held!the!Kings!sarcophagus!which!was!protected!by!5!layers!of!solid!stone!III. Egyptian!Colt!Temples!A. Parts!of!the!Temples!1. Pylon!–!Façade!or!front!2. Courtyard!–!Surrounded!by!walls,!open!space!opened!to!the!sky!3. Hypostyle!!K!Opened!ceiling!surrounded!by!columns.!Style!mean!columns!and!Hypo!means!under,!columns!were!placed!into!the!ground!4. Sanctuary!–!set!of!rooms!B. Other!Terms!!1. Axis!–!indicator!of!symmetry,!middle!of!open!space!2. Symmetry!–!mirror!image,!“invisible!line”!that!splits!in!half!3. Obelisk!–!spikey!pointed!statues!or!stones,!highly!symbolic!4. Basic!Concept!–!posts!=!vertical,!lintel!=!horizontal!!5. Clerestory!–!the!space!on!top!is!covered!6. Molding!–!decorated!space,!usually!on!top!of!wall!and!in!linear!form!7. Cornice!–!top!of!structure!that!sticks!out!in!order!to!reflect!water;!gutter!5. Distribute!goods!and!services!6. Path!dependent!outcomes!C. Temple!of!Khons!1. Small!scale!temple!!2. Unique!because!it!had!one!of!everything!(pylon,!hypostyle,!courtyard,!sanctuary)!3. Belonged!to!son!of!Karnak!trinity,!son!of!Amun!! !4. Each!side!had!sloping!walls!and!dips,!niches,!rows!of!flags,!bright!colors,!edges!decorated!with!molding,!located!next!to!Sphinx’s!!5.
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