ARCH 2003 1st Edition Lecture 4Ancient GreeceI. Intro (based off pictures) A. Doryphoros- Spear Bearer (Left) 1. Sculpture of Polykleitos – one of the best Greek sculptures of the classical era2. “Ideal” human body 3. Greek gods were human like and “godlike”, considered perfect specimenfor human form B. Greek Parthenon (right) 1. Greatest work of Greek era 2. Temple was considered the most important and significant temple of this era 3. Sits on the hill, Acropolis, in the city of Athens 4. Started in 447 B.C. finished on 438 B.C. 5. Time frame in which it was built was the absolute height of Greek culture,this is where everything was at its best during the Classical period C. Greeks vs. Egyptian 1. Unlike the Egyptians, Greek sculptures portrayed males as nude andwomen wearing a cloth 2. Egyptian statues were rigid and straight up, they were stable and this styleoften didn’t change over the years 3. Greeks believed in change or the development of art (change over time) 4. Greek sculpture were “Ideally proportioned” II. AncientGreece A.Location 1. Egypt and Greece were “close” in distance 2. Classical Greece consisted of the mainland or the Westside of Greece and theeastside which is now Turkey 3. Back then Greek life flourished on both sides, east and west4. Greek speaking people lived on the east side up until 1923B. City- States 1. Unlike Ancient Egypt with a simple King and a unified country, Greece was splitup, every city was its own country 2. Former city states include Athens and Sparta 3. Unification came from the same language anyone who didn’t speak Greek wereconsidered Barbarians 4. Persians burned Athens down to the ground, foreign war made it necessary forcity-states to become unified III. Temple of Aphaea A. Temple of the gods 1. Most of the excavation was done by German architects 2. Ancient Greek columns created a system of lentils and posts, lintel structuresused for decoration 3. Three classical orders a. Doric order b. Ionic order c. Corinthian order IV. 3 Greek ColumnsA. 3 Greek Orders 1. Orders – pattern that involve both vertical columns and horizontal beams 2. Orders represent different types of human beings B. Doric Order 1. Represents a young man, or the youth 2. Constant, strong, stout, always proportionally the shortest C. Ionic Order 1. Represent a mature woman, capital has a distinct decoration 2. Topped with a volute - a spiral curl characteristic, to represent the curlers in awoman’s hair D. Corinthian Order 1. Represents a young maiden or virgin 2. Capital represent a plants being pushed down by a basket with tiles on top of thebasketIV. Three order CharacteristicsA. COLUMN 1.Base (absent in Greek Doric order) –bottom 2. Shaft- middle 3. Capital – top a. Echinus – prominent circular molding supporting the abacus of Doric capital b. Abacus – an oblong frame with rows of wires and grooves with beads c.Volute – a spiral scroll characteristic of ionic capitals B. ENTABLATURE 2. Architrave- Bottom 2. Frieze -middle 3. Doric Frieze Only: a. Triglyph - a tablet with three vertical grooves b.Metope – a square space between Triglyph 4. Cornice – top (gutter) C.Other Terms 1.Entasis, Diminution, Fluting,