ARCH 2003 1st Edition Lecture 9Early Christian ArchitectureI. Christian Houses - ChurchA. Dura Europos, Syria, c.230 A.D B. Old St. Peters, Rome, Italy c. 320 A.D 1. Built for Emperor Constantine C. Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Italy 432-440 A.D D. Standard Part of a Basilica 1. Nave- long narrow part a Christian church 2. Side aisles – aisles used for circulation 3. Apse- semicircular space at the end of the nave 4. Clerestory- on top of the nave E. Other Terms 1. Atrium- open courtyard surrounded by porches 2. Transept- area set crosswise to the nave, forms a cross 3. Spoils- reuse of building material from another building 4. Mosaics – medium expression, pictorial decorationII. Dura Europos A. Syria c. 230 A.D. 1. Frontier town at the edge of Roman Empire, was a defensive system against theParthenon Empire 2. Sits on a block that overlooks Euphrates, laid out on grid iron pattern B. City Plan 1. Excavated Buildings a. Mithraeum- mystery ruins b. Synagogue- Jewish synagogue, unique because it has a fresco wall paintingfrom Hebrew Bible c. Christian House- Church – Smallest, Fresco decoration, good example ofwhere Christians worshipped before Constantine C. Fragments of Colossal Statue of Emperor Constantine 1. Formerly in the Basilica of Constantine 2. Now in the Capitoline museum 3. 40ft high, the head alone is 8ft tall D. Piero Della Fransesca1. Frescoes in San Francesco, Arezzo, Italy, c. 1457-65III. Christian House A. Church 1. Dura Europos 2. Individual privates houses built around courtyard 3. All important rooms around courtyard 4. Used to be private house until converted into a church5. Domas- house IV. ConstantineA. Emperor 1. Ambiguous general in Roman armyV. Imperial For a A. Roman Complex – For a 1. Rome, Italy 2. Forum – civic center, had temples, basilica, shrines B. Forum of Trajan 1. Of the Emperor Trajan in his own honor 2. Rome, Italy 100-112 A.D. 3. Architecture – Apollodorus of
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