WILD 3580 Edition 1st Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Term paper information a Guidelines b Format c Grading d Outline e Timeline Outline of Current Lecture I Phylogenetic Classification II Species III Isolating mechanisms IV Phylogenetic species concept V Genetic species concept VI Taxonomy about the Species Level VII Trinomial Nomenclature Current Lecture I II Phylogenetic Classification a Based on common ancestry share derived traits i Secondarily derived traits b Cladogram of vertebrates Species a Basic unit of classification These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV V VI VII b Biological species concept Mayr 1942 species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups i Can reproduce viable and fertile offspring ii Asexual species and hybrids do not fit into this definition Isolating mechanisms any structural physiological behavioral or geological barrier that prevents individuals of one population or species from successfully interbreeding with individuals of other populations or species 1 Ecogeographic isolation allopatric ranges 2 Habitat isolation sympatric ranges 3 Seasonal isolation different breeding seasons 4 Behavioral isolation different species specific displays to attract a mate 5 Mechanical isolation morphological and anatomical differences to make sexual union impossible 6 Gametic isolation fertilization does not occur 7 Developmental isolation embryo develops irregularly and dies 8 Hybrid Inviability young produced from two different species often are weak or die young 9 Hybrid Sterility interspecific crosses produce healthy offspring but they are not able to reproduce 10 Decreased fitness hybrids reproduce sterile offspring Phylogenetic species concept a A group of organisms that share a common ancestor i Problem at what level do we define the common ancestor Genetic species concept a A group of interbreeding natural populations that are genetically isolated from other groups i Problem how genetically isolated is an individual or species Taxonomy above the Species Level a Genus a taxonomic category containing a monophyletic group of species separated from other genera by a decided gap b Species Genus c Genera Family idae d Families Order e Orders Class f Class Phylum g Phyla Kingdom Trinomial Nomenclature a Includes a subspecific epithet b Subspecies a population of species that differs in some noticeable and constant way from other populations of that species i Based on morphology ii Local adaptation evolutionary change based on habitat diverge enough to new species
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