WILD 3580 1st Edition Lecture 32Outline of Last Lecture I. MoltII. Color Outline of Current Lecture I. Colors II. Bird vocalizations III. Song ProductionCurrent LectureI. Colors- Pigmentso Melanins Blacks, browns, grays, dull reds and yellows Most common types of pigments Can occur in all feathers; almost always in flight feathers Increased amount of keratin o Carotenoids Bright red, yellow, orange Derived exclusively from the diet Most common in the body feathers; rarely in the flight feathers o Porphyrins Browns, reds, greens Most common are brown pigments in owls, pigeons, and galliforms Chemically related to hemoglobin (fluorescent under UV light) o No pigments Reflection of light with no pigments Blue: structural color; absorption of shorter wavelengths - Clear keratin layer on top with a melanin bottom layer- Refraction shines through cells that scatter light color Green: “zip locked effect”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Yellow carotenoid layer combined with melanin o Iridescence: coloration that changes depending on conditions of observation II. Bird vocalizations - Advantages1. Detected over long distances 2. Detected within dense cover and night 3. Short duration- Two types of information1. Species identity2. Individual identity - Types of vocalizations1. Songs- a long vocal display with specific repeated patterns o Species specific o Almost always produced by males o Functions: identify species, sex, advertise a territory 2. Calls- short simple vocalizations; often a single notes o Intraspecific or interspecific o Both sexes III. Song Production - Syrinx- organ that produces sound (like a larynx)o Located at the base of the trachea o More efficient to make sound - Why do birds sing?o Takes a lot of energyo Risk of predation o Increases their fitness o Functions: reproductive functions (advertise), social functions (“password” for individual recognition, rally a flock for some
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