ARCH 350 1st EditionFinal Exam Study GuideTRANSFORMATION AND DISSEMINATIONI. Mexico: BarraganA. Plaza y Fuente del Bebedero, Las Arboledas, Mexico City- Internationalist vision with a national accents.- Relevance of the forms in the new context. B. Casa Studio Luis Barragán Mexico City- Internationalist vision with a national accents.- Relevance of the forms in the new context. C.Barragán: Gilardi House Mexico CityCONTINUITY AND CHANGEI. Modernism’s auto-critique: Urban UtopiasA. Buckminster Fuller: Manhattan Dome New York- Geodesic dome over midtown Manhattan (river to river, 64th-22nd streets)- Neo-futurist vision- Technological optimismB. Archigram - Neo-futurist vision- Technological optimism- An avant-garde architectural group formed in the 1960’s based at the Architectural Association, LondonMembers: Peter Cook, Warren Chalk, Ron Herron, Dennis Crompton, Michael Webb, and David GreeneC. Herron, ARCHIGRAM: Walking City- Mega structure - Mobile Architecture- Sophisticated technique- Neo-futurist vision- Technological optimismD. Peter Cook & Colin Fournier: Graz Kunsthaus (Graz Art Museum) Graz, Austria- Sophisticated technique- Technological optimism- Neo-futurist vision- “Friendly alien”- Peter Cook: former member of Archigram group- Graz Art Museum was built as part of the European Capital of Culture celebrations in 2003 and has since become an architectural landmark in Graz, AustriaII. Japanese MetabolismA. Kenzo Tange: Yamanashi Press and Radio Centre Kofy, Japan,- Reacting to the pressures of Japanese overcrowdingB. Arata Isozaki: “Metabolist” scheme for a modern city- Like Archigram in Britain, the Japanese architects made much of the way pods and cells could be clipped on to lattice frames.- The Metabolists attempted to enforce the distinction between the fixed and the changeable elements of a design.C. Kiyonori Kikutake: Sky house- Kiyonori Kikutake was one of the founding membersD. Noriaki Kurokawa: Nagakin capsule tower Tokyo, Japan- Reacting to the pressures of Japanese overcrowdingE. Tadao Ando: Row house- Tadao Ando belongs to a new generation of Japanese architects.- “Guerilla Architecture”- “Place, geometry and nature”III. Pluralism -1970’s: Mega structuresA. Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers: Centre George Pompidou Paris- Mega Structures- Pioneer High TechColor-coded:Stairs, escalator, elevator: REDAir Conditioning, heating: BLUEWater: GREENElectrical system: YELLOWIV. Modernism’s auto-critique: Aldo RossiA. Modena Cemetery Modena, Italy- European Context- Populism- Post Modernism-“Buildings types” - neo-rationalist-Rejected the “naïve” functionalism: We should know architecture by its forms and not just function: Form is part of history-Book: L’Architettura della città.-Urban archetypes, ‘basic’ patterns' that existed before the chaos of industrialization.- Rossi argued that the city was an organic work of art, the rhythms, history and context of which must be respected in any new architectural endeavorB. Venturi: Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture & Learning from Las Vegas- USA Context- Populism- Post Modernism- Ducks X Decorated ShedsV. Pluralism, Populism, & Post Modernism:A. Venturi: Vanna Venturi House Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia- “Less is a bore”- Decorated Sheds- Learning from Las Vegas- PostmodernismB. Charles Moore: Piazza d’Italia New Orleans- Pluralism- Historicism- Populism - “Post-modernism”- Kitsch- Pastiche- Collage C. James Stirling: Neue Staalsgalerie (New State Gallery) Stuttgart, 1977-84- Pluralism & Historicism- Fragmentation - “Traditional and high tech”- Modern and ancient were deliberately confronted but without being fused, in a technique of ‘ bricolage’VI. 1980s: DeconstructionA. Peter Eisenman, Wexner Center for Visual Arts Ohio State University, Columbus-Sources: Jacques Derrida, philosopher His theory consists: deconstruction is an attempt to open a text to several meanings and interpretations. It searches to encourage the plurality of discourses/explanation-Fragmentation-Deconstructivism 1988 MOMA Exhibition-The New York exhibition featured works by - Bernard Tschumi - Frank Gehry, - Daniel Liebeskind, - Rem Koolhaas, - Peter Eisenman, - Zaha Hadid, - Coop Himmelb(l)auVII. Deconstructivist Architecture- FRAGMENTATION- Deconstructivism 1988 MOMA ExhibitionArchitects- Bernard Tschumi- Coop Himmelb(I)au- Daniel Liebeskind- Frank Gehry- Peter Eisenman- Rem KoolhaasA. Bernard TSCHUMI, Folie, Parc de la Villette Paris- Fragmentación- Idea of dissociation of disjunctive analysis- 1988 MoMA Show- Architects interested in destabilizing simplistic assumptions about the relationship between form, function and meaning- Focus on non-programmatic spaces or “violent and therefore erotic collision of lines, points, and surfaces superimposed as layers over the 125 acres of parkland”- Folie means “madness”B. Frank Gehry: House in Santa Monica CaliforniaC. Frank Gehry: Vitra Design Museum and Factory Weil am RheinD. Frank Gehry: Walt Disney Concert HallE. Frank Gehry: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Bilbao, SpainVIII. Technology & ContextA. Sources of the term High Tech Architecture- 1978 book by Joan Kron and Suzanne Slesin, High Tech: The Industrial Style and Source Book for The Home. - This book illustrated how to integrate into the home industrial products such as warehouse shelving systems and factory floor coverings.- Concept of “functional essence” and accentuation of technical elements. - Architects associate with: Buckminster Fuller, Norman Fostes, Kenzo Tange, Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Frei Otto, Santiago CalatravaB. Renzo Piano, Menil Collection Houston- High Technology & Context- Ferro-cement “leaves’ - “harmonized with the domestic scale of its Texan suburban neighborhood” - “Piano set out to achieve the distillation of the modern and the old in forms that were poetically attuned to climate and light”C. Renzo Piano: Tjibaou Cultural Centre New CaledoniaIX. High Tech ArchitectureA. Norman Foster: Carré d'Art Nimes, FranceB. Rem Koolhaas (OMA): Seattle Public Library SeattleC. Rem Koolhaas (OMA): Zeebrugge Sea Terminal Zeebrugge, BelgiumD. Rem Koolhaas (OMA): Villa Dall‘ava Paris, France,E. Jean Nouvel: Arab lnstitute / lnstitut du Monde Arabe ParisX. Texas Modern/Cotemporary ArchitectureA. Philip Johnson: Amon Cart Museum Fort WorthB. Louis Kahn: Kimbell Art Museum Fort Worth, TexasC. Tadao Ando: Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth Fort WorthD.