ARCH 350 1st Edition Exam # 2 Study Guide Formative Strands of Modern ArchitectureI. Mechanization and Deutscher WerkbundA. Fagus Shoe-Last Factory (Faguswek)Architects: Walter Gropius and Adolf MeyerLocation: Alfed, GermanyPeriod: 20th Century- visual of the workshop block- weightlessness in the form- transparent details other than a regular mass- devices are used for the external wrapping of the buildingB. Werkbund Pavilion Architects: Walter Gropius and Adolf MeyerLocation: Cologne, GermanyPeriod: 20th Century - transparent (glazed)- streamlined spiral staircasesII. Vanguard: De Stijl (Neoplasticism)A. Schroder HouseArchitect: Gerrit RietveldLocation: Utrecht, HollandPeriod: 20th Century- new conceptions of space and form- interior had operable panels- flexibility of space- reduction to the essential of forms and colorsIII. Vanguard: ExpressionismA. Glass Pavilion Architect: Bruno TautLocation: Cologne, GermanyPeriod: 20th century-1910’s B. Einstein Tower Architect: Erich MendelsohnLocation: Potsdam, GermanyPeriod: Early 20th Century- emotive- bizarre- validates Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity- links between energy and mass postulated by this theory reinforced Mendelsohn’s conviction that Modernity must be expressed byIV. Vanguard: Russian ConstructivismA. Monument for the Third InternationalArchitec: Vladimir TatlinLocation: Never BuiltPeriod: 20th Century- new collectivity of Social ideals- new social order Post-revolutionary atmosphere- theories based on a belief in a universal aesthetic language- basic form-languageV. Vanguard: Russia A. Architect: El Lissitzky- Basic form-language- Machine fetishisma. design for a Lenin Tribuneb. cloud-hanger project projectB. Rusakov Workers’ ClubArchitect: Konstantin MelnikovLocation: Moscow, Russia Period: 20th Century- Melnikov and ASNOVA (Association of New Architects) tended to believe that there was an underlying language of - forms which could be relied upon to raise specific emotions in the spectatorCrystallization of Modern ArchitectureI. BauhausA. Bauhaus SchoolArchitect: Walter GropiusLocation: Dessau, GermanyPeriod: 20th Century- school was intended to students studying design- supported the basic concepts of painting, sculpture and architecture into an emotive form- Quote from Gropius “The Bauhaus believes the machine to our modern medium of design and seeks to come to terms with it”II. Le Corbusier’s systemA. Maison Citrohan ProjectsB. Housing at Pessac for Henry Fruges’ Work VillageLocation: Pessac, FranceC. Dom-ino skeleton- Rationalism and Reinforced Concrete- “House as a machine for living” D. Maison La Roche/JeanneretLocation: Paris, FrancePeriod: 20th Century- “House as a machine for living”- “5 points for a new architecture”- “architectural promenade” - maybe caused his change to the modern style- cost more than the architect had estimatedE. Villa Stein Monzie (Les Terrasses)Location: Garches, FrancePeriod: Early 20th Century- “House as a machine for living”- “5 points for a new architecture”- “architectural promenade” F. Villa SavoyeLocation: Poissy, France• “House as a machine for living”• “5 points for a new architecture” • “architectural promenade”III. Weissenhofsiedlung and International StyleLocation: Weissenhofsiedlung, Stuttgart, Germany- Deutscher Werkbund exhibition to demonstrate the latest thinking about housing design, interior fittings, and construction technologyIV. Mies Van der RoheA. Project for a brick Villa- wall planes are freely arranged and space flows continuously between- Principle of overlappingB. German Pavilion (Barcelona Pavilion)Location: Barcelona, SpainC. Tugendhat HouseLocation: Brno: Czech Republic- Limpid control of proportion and transparenceV. Frank Lloyd Wright: MaturityA. Millard House (La Miniatura)Architect: FLWLocation: Pasadena, California - 1920’s Concrete Block HomesB. Edgar J. Kaufmann House – FallingwaterArchitect: FLWLocation: Mill Run, Pennsylvania- “organic architecture”C. Taliesin WestLocation: Scottsdale, Arizona- “organic architecture”D. Johnson Wax Administration Center (Main building and Laboratory Tower)Architect: FLWLocation: Racine, Wisconsin- circular geometry- circular motifsVI. Frank Lloyd Wright: Urban UtopiasA. Jacobs First ResidenceArchitect: FLWLocation: Madison, Wisconsin- Usonian Houses (Designed to control costs, these houses had no attics, nobasements, and little ornamentation)B. Utopian scheme by FLW- ideals about the proper manner of living in America- Single-family house was set - in about one acre of land- Utopian scheme lay out to conform with the American grid and divided up into sites of a minimum size on which Usonian Houses were sited (BROADACRE CITY)VII. Le Corbusier: Urban UtopiasA. Five Points of Architecture1. The supports – PILOTIS – elevating the mass off the ground 2. The free plan- the interior wall independent of the support system can be arranged in a free plan3. The free façade – also independent of the structural supports, can be freely designed1. The horizontal window 2. The flat roof or roof garden B. Plan VoisinLocation: Paris, FranceC. Ville RadieuseVille Radieuse (Radiant City): - City highly centralized and densely populated- surface with zones of leisure (park, playing fields, etc.)- rapid traffic - Pedestrian able to circulate on separate levels- Everyone lived in Unités, which combined individual rationalized apartments and communal functions like gymnasiums and child-care centerD. Le Corbusier’s project to Rio de JaneiroVIII. CIAM (International Congress of Modern Architecture)IX. Total 10 meetings: 1928 until 1956- CIAM: 1928, Castle of Mme de Mandrot, La Sarraz;- CIAM: 1929, Frankfurt;- CIAM: 1930, Brussels;- CIAM: 1933, on board the SS. Patris, between Marseilles and Athens; Theme: “ The Functional City” . General announcements about the Modern City. Charter of AthensThe key points in town planning lie in four functions:- Living- Working- Recreation- CirculationTransformation and Dissemination I. Alvar Aalto- FinlandAlvar Aalto style: early work- Nordic Classicism 30’s- Rational International