Week # 12: Energetics, Electron Transport, Glycolysis Lectures - 31, 32 http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/5900verviewmet.htmlConcepts:Overview of metabolism - proteins, carbohydrates, lipidsEnergy and ATP - coupled reactionsCoenzymesElectron TransportGlycolysis reactions and ATP calculationsQues. 1. Finish the following reactions: a) Photosynthesis:CO2 + ______ + energy ------> carbohydrates + ______ b) Overall Metabolism:Carbohydrates + _____ ------> _____ + H2O + energy Ques. 2. List three ways that the body uses energy. Ques. 3. Contrast catabolism and anabolism in terms of general types of reaction and utilization of energy. Ques 4. Define endothermic and exothermic and apply to photosynthesis and metabolism.Ques. 5. Write the abbreviated formation and hydrolysis reactions of ATP. Ques. 6. Write the energy term on the proper side of the arrow. Identify the reactions as endo- or exothermic.a) ADP + P -----> ATP + H2O b) relaxed muscle -----> contracted musclec) CO2 + H2O -----> Carbohydrates + O2 d) carbohydrates + O2 -----> CO2 + H2Oe) ATP + H2O  ADT + PQues. 7. Using the reactions given below (not in any order), explain what is meant by a coupled reaction. a) relaxed muscle + energy -----> contracted muscleb) ATP + H2O -----> ADP + P + energy Ques. 8. Write the overall equation for the electron transport chain including energy term. 2H+ + 2e- + ____ ---> _____ + ______ + ________Ques. 9. Make a simplified diagram for the respiratory chain including 1/2 O2,2e-, 2H+, FAD, organic metabolite, H2O, ADP, ATP, NAD+, cytochromes, Fe. Ques. 10. Use the first step in the electron transport chain to explain the term coupled reaction. First add the energy terms to the proper side of the arrows.NADH + H+ + FAD  NAD+ + FADH2ADP + P  ATPQues. 11. List 3 substances in common in ATP, NAD+, and FAD. Ques. 12. List two vitamins in NAD+ and FAD.Ques. 13. What is the difference between ATP and NAD+? Ques. 14. What is the difference between ATP AND ADP?Ques. 15: Use the diagram above to answer the following:a. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter A represents an atom product of oxidation of an organic molecule to start electron transport.b. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter B represents a product of oxidation of an organic molecule to start electron transport and is carried through the chain in part by cytochromes.c. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter C represents a product of electron transport and is the main reason that electron transport exists. d. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter F represents the main coenzyme involved in oxidation of an organic molecule to start electron transport.e. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter D represents a reactant in electron transport. This molecule is delivered to the cell by hemoglobin.f. In the simplified electron transport diagram, letter E represents a final product in electron transport.Carbohydrate Metabolism http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/600glycolysis.html Ques. 16. a) The catabolism of glycogen is called ________.b) The catabolism of glucose to pyruvic acid is called ________.c) The formation of glucose from lactic acid is called ________.d) The formation of glycogen is called ________ . Ques. 17. For each process below, name the starting compound and the final product. Process Starting Compound Final Product a) gluconeogenesis b) glycolysis c) glycogenolysis d) glycogenesisQues. 18: Use the glycolysis reaction diagram to answer the following:a. In step 1 of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce glucose-6-phosphate?b. In step 1 of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce ADP?c. In step 1 of glycolysis, the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is what kind of energetic process? d. In step 1 of glycolysis, the conversion of ATP to ADP is what kind of energetic process?e. In step 3 of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce glucose-1,6-biphosphate?f. In step 6 blue graphic (step 7 of text book) of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce 3-phosphoglyceric acid?g. In step 6 blue graphic (step 7 of text book) of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce ATP?h. In step 6 blue graphic (step 7 of text book) of glycolysis, the conversion of 1,3-diphophosglycerate to produce 3-phosphoglyceric acid is what kind of energetic process?i. In step 6 blue graphic (step 7 of text book) of glycolysis, the conversion of ADP to ATP is what kind of energetic process?j. In step 8 blue graphic (step 9 of text book) of glycolysis, what is the name of the reaction to produce phosphoenol pyruvic acid?Ques. 19. Using the glycolysis reaction diagram, calculate the total ATP produced by glycolysis under aerobic conditions starting with glucose.Ques. 20. Using glycolysis reaction diagram, calculate the total ATP produced byglycolysis under anaerobic conditions starting with glucose.Ques. 21. Using the glycolysis reaction diagram, calculate the total ATP produced by glycolysis under aerobic conditions starting with fructose.Ques. 22. Using glycolysis reaction diagram, calculate the total ATP produced byglycolysis under anaerobic conditions starting with galactose.Ques. 23. A. Explain the purpose and the conditions when lactic acid would be the end-product of glycolysis.b. In the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid under anaerobic conditions, the name of the reaction is ___?___c. After exercise under aerobic conditions, the reaction in the graphic is reversed - lactic acid is converted back to pyruvic acid, the name of the reaction is __?__Ques. 24. List 4 possible metabolic fates of pyruvic acid. Ques. 25. Starting with fructose molecule, how many pyruvic acid molecules are made through glycolysis? Citric Acid Cycle and Carbohydrate SummaryLectures - 33, 34http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/610citricac.htmlQues. 26. Write the overall reaction for the formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvic acid. Ques. 27. How many ATP are produced from two pyruvic acid molecules in the formation of acetyl CoA?Ques. 28. List some general structural parts in common in the following: List