Week # 7 CarbohydratesLectures # 18, 19Concepts:Recognize various types of carbohydrates including monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, hexose, pentose, aldose, ketose.Recognize the structures of the above with alpha and betaRecognnize hemiacetal and acetal functional groups in the various saccharides Ques. 1. List 3 disaccharides and list the monosaccharides present in each.Ques. 2. List 3 polysaccharides and state where they can be found in nature.Ques. 3. Which hexose is also a ketose? Ques. 4. For the two structures below: a. Identify glucose and galactose. b. Identify the alpha and beta hemiacetal OH's. Review: Combination Reactions14. Hemiactal Synthesis Alcohol + aldehyde or ketone hemiacetalMake a ring:4-hydroxypentanol15. Acetal Synthesis (ether synthesis)Alcohol + hemiactal acetal + waterAbove hemiacetal withethanolOOHOHOHHHHHHHOCH2OHCH2OHOOHOHHHHHOHHOHQues. 5; Identify the alpha and beta glucose and the alpha and beta galactose inthe structures above.Ques. 6: a. Which structure is alpha ………and beta fructose?b. Which structure A or C is a aldose ………and a pentose?c. Which structure B or D is a ketose ………and a hexose?Ques. 7. Write the complete synthesis reaction starting with the monosaccarides for the formation of:maltose sucroseQues. 8: a. Which structure is maltose? And which is lactose?b. Which arrow letter points to an alpha acetal or glycosidic bond? c. Which arrow letter points to an beta acetal or glycosidic bond?d. Which arrow letter points to an alpha anomeric carbon? … an alpha anomeric carbon?Ques. 9: a. Which structure is sucrose? … fructose?b. Which structure is glucose?c. Which arrow letter points to a alpha acetal or glycosidic bond? d. Which arrow letter points to a beta anomeric carbon?Ques. 10. List the di- or polysaccharides with alpha - acetal linkages. Same for beta - acetal linkages. Ques. 11. What are the differences and similarities for starch, glycogen, and cellulose.Ques. 12. a. The common names for structures A, B, C, are abd give the reason for your choices: A= B= C= b. Which structure(s) is a hexose? c. List the arrow numbers which point to alpha OH anomeric carbons. d. List the arrow numbers which point to beta OH anomeric carbons. e. List the arrow numbers which point to beta acetal linkages. f. Put a circle around ALL hemiacetal groups in ALL structures. g. Which structure is a ketose? A pentose?
View Full Document
Unlocking...