NameStructureExamples & isomersGeometry3-D StructureNameStructureExamples & isomersName EndingIUPAC NameWeek #1 - Introduction to Organic ChemistryConcepts: Bonding Rules, Organic Structures (variety of forms), Functional Groups (general name and structure), IsomersLecture # 1 & 2 - Functional GroupsBonding Rules: Memorize - C = 4 bonds, H = 1 bond, O = 2 bonds, N = 3 bonds (4 if with a + charge), halogens = 1 bond, S = 2 bonds, P = 5 bondsQues. 1: Write possible atom arrangements for 4 carbons and whatever H's necessary. Identify the following: alkane, alkene, alkyne, and ring structures.Ques. 2: Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons, 1 oxygen, and whatever H's necessary. Identify the following: alcohol, ether, aldehyde, and ketone.Ques. 3: Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons, 2 oxygen, and whatever H's necessary. Identify the following: ester and acidQues. 4: Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons, 1 nitrogen, and whatever H's necessary. Identify the following: 3 types of amines.Ques. 5: Write possible atom arrangements for 3 carbons, 1 oxygen, 1 nitrogen, and whatever H's necessary. Identify the following: amideQues. 6: Identify the functional groups in the following structures:Ques. 7: Identify the functional groups in the following structures:Ques. 8: Identify the functional groups in the following structures: Ques. 9: What are the general properties of organic compounds vs. inorganiccompounds?HCOHBonding -Polarity -Melting and Boiling points -Solubility in water -QUES. 10 : Functional Groups - Structures and Molecular GeometryName Structure Examples & isomersGeometry 3-D StructureAlkanes C-C (allsingle bonds)C4H10Alkenes C=C (doublebonds)C3H6Alkynes(triple bonds)C3H4Alcohols C-OHC4H10OThiol andDisulfidesC-SHC-S-S-CC4H10S C4H10S2Ethers C-O-CC4H10OAldehydesC4H8OKetonesC4H8OAcidsC4H8O2R - C - ROR - C - OHOCCEstersC4H8O2AminesR-NH2C3H9N (three types)AmidesC3H7NO (two types)SaltsC4H7O2-M+,C3H10N+A-Hemiacetal & AcetalC4H10O2R - C - OROR - C - N-H2OR - C - N-H3+A-OR - C - O-M+OH2COHOCH3H2COOCH3CH3Week # 1 - Lecture # 3 - Nomenclature - How to Name Organic CompoundsMemorize root names of alkanes associated with the number of carbons present:1 = methane; 2 = ethane; 3 = propane; 4 = butane; 5 = pentane; 6 = hexane; 7= heptane;8 = octane; 9 = nonane; 10 = decane.WRITE NAMES, given the structure WRITE STRUCTURES, given the name1. Root Name: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain and assign a rootname. (A ring requires the prefix "cyclo-".1. Root Name: Write the number of carbons according to the root name (A ringis indicated by the prefix "cyclo-". 2. Functional group: Identify the functionalgroup and determine the appropriate ending for the root.2. Number the carbons: Assign a number to each carbon of the root (most of the time - left to right)3. Number the carbons, so that the carbon with the functional group (or branch) will have the lowest number. In front of the rootname, write the position of the carbon with the functional group, if necessary.3. Functional group: Write the functioinal group as indicated by the endingof the rootname at the appropriate position. (Indicated by the nature of the functional groups or the position number given front of the name. 4. Hydrocarbon Branches: Identify and write any hydrocarbon branches with "-yl" endings and their position numbers, if any.4. Hydrocarbon Branches: Write any hydrocarbon branches at the appropriate position number, if any.5. Inorganic Groups: Identify and write anyinorganic groups and their positions, if any.5. Inorganic Groups: Write any inorganic groups at the appropriate positions, if any.6. Final Name: In the names, hyphens separate numbers and names; commas separate two or more numbers, and word parts are NOT separated except in ethers and esters.6. Complete the structure by adding the appropriate numbers of hydrogens to eachcarbon. (Carbon must have four bonds)QUES. 11 - Functional Groups - Structures and NomenclatureName Structure Examples & isomersName EndingIUPAC NameAlkanesC4H10RootnameAlkenesC3H6-eneAlkynesC3H4-yneAlcoholsC4H10O-olThiol andDisulfidesC4H10S C4H10S2-thiol,disulfideEthersC4H10O-yletherAldehydesC4H8O-alKetonesC4H8O-oneAcidsC4H8O2-oicacidEstersC4H8O2--yl-oateAminesC3H9N (three types)-ylamineAmidesC3H7NO (two types)-ylamideSaltsC4H7O2-M+,C3H10N+A--ate,ammoniumQues.12. COMMON COMPOUNDS AND USESFor all compounds which follow, write the name or structure, whichever is missing.IUPAC NAME STRUCTURE COMMON NAMES/USESa. Propane If liquefied, called LP gasb. TrichloromethaneChloroform; solvent, general anestheticc. ChloroethaneLocal anesthetic for minor surgery (freeze technique)d. TetrachloroetheneDry cleaning fluid, metal degreasinge. HC  C-HAcetylene; combustion produces hot flame for cutting and welding steelf. H2C = CH2Ethylene; plastic-polyethylene, raw material for many organic reactionsg. CH3OHMethyl alcohol or wood alcohol, basic raw material, can cause blindh. CH3CH2OHEthyl alcohol, grain alcohol,alcohol, spritsi. 2-propanolIsopropyl alcohol, rubbing alcohol, hand lotions, after shave lotionsj. CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3Ether, anesthetick. HCOOHFormic acid, sharp smellingliquid responsible for sting of certainl. CH3COOH Acetic acid, vinegarm. Butanoic acid Odor of rancid buttern. Hexanoic acid Caproic acid, smell of goatso. Methyl butanoate Scent of applesp. Butylbutanoate Pineapple essenceq. Ethyl butanoate Artificial peach flavorr. Ethyl ethanoate Ethyl acetate, nail polishremovers. (CH3) 2NHConstituent in herring brine-used to manufacture fungicides and rubbert. methanalFormaldehyde, formalin, preservative for biological specimens, basic raw materialu. 2-propanoneAcetone, basic raw material,solvent, diabetics producev. butanoneSolvent for lacquers, finger nail polishw. ethanalAcetaldehyde, paraldehyde,hypnotic and sedative, basicraw materialQues. 13: Write the IUPAC name of each of the following:Ques. 14. List the number of allowable bonds for: H, N, O, C and Cl.Ques. 15. Write the structures for compounds with 5 carbons and the correct number of O, H, and/or N for: acid, amine, aldehyde, ketone, ester and ether.Ques. 16. Write the general name for the functional group in the following compounds and write the IUPAC name for each.a) CH3CH2COOH b) CH3-O-CH2CH3c) CH3OHd) CH3CCCH3e) CH3CH=CHCH3f) CH2CH2 NH2Ques.17. A compound contains 5 carbons and one “double bond oxygen”. The oxygen is not on an