EnzymesEnzyme Active SiteSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Induced Fit TheorySlide 7Enzymes - CofactorsSlide 9Slide 10Enzyme CofactorsSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Enzymes - ActivitySlide 16Slide 17Enzymes - InhibitorsEnzyme InhibitorsSlide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Drugs as Enzyme InhibitorsSlide 29EnzymesEnzyme Active Site•Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,•Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactionsEnzyme Active Site•Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,•Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactionsEnzymes•Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.Enzymes•Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.Induced Fit Theory•Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.Induced Fit Theory•Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.Enzymes - Cofactors•Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ionEnzymes - Cofactors•Metal ions present in trace amountsEnzymes - Cofactors•Metal ions present in trace amountsEnzyme Cofactors•Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.Enzyme Cofactors•Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.Enzyme Cofactors•Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.EnzymesEnzymes - Activity•Temperature and pH effect enzyme actionEnzymes - Activity•Temperature and pH effect enzyme actionEnzymes - Activity•Enzyme and substrate concentrationsEnzymes - Inhibitors•Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperatureEnzyme Inhibitors•NoncompetitiveEnzyme Inhibitors•Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.Enzyme Inhibitors•Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but may dislodge it.Enzyme InhibitorsEnzyme Inhibitors•Irreversible - covalently binds to active siteEnzyme Inhibitors•Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.Enzyme Inhibitors•Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.Enzyme InhibitorsEnzyme InhibitorsDrugs as Enzyme Inhibitors•Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors•Drug mimics some natural chemical to block
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